1. Medieval Intro
Bell Ringer: List everything that comes to mind when you think of the term “Middle Ages” (Medieval or Dark Ages)

2. The Late Middle Ages
Challenges and Growth

3. Key Terms Feudalism Barter Longbow Nationalism
Medieval Catholic Church
Crusades
Black Death
Hundred Years War
Great Schism

4. Periodization Roman Empire: 29BC – late 400s AD
Early Middle Ages: Late 400’s –
High Middle Ages: – 1250
Late Middle Ages:

6. Roman Empire

7. Roman Empire

8. Europe in the 6c

10. Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

11. Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle

12. Parts of a Medieval Castle

13. The Medieval Manor

14. Life on the Medieval Manor
Serfs at work

15. Learning Targets What is Feudalism?
Why did Feudalism become the basis for government during the middle ages?
What were the political, social, and economic impacts of Feudalism?
Explain the role the Catholic Church played during the Middle Ages.

16. Medieval Society Political: fragmented, regional, feudalism
Economic: barter, self-sufficient manors
Religious: Christian, Catholic Church has immense power
Social: classes based on land ownership and titles (Nobles and Peasants).
Intellectual/Arts: Most of the art, literature, and learning took place within the Church.

17. The Medieval Catholic Church
Powerful Institution – owned 1/3 of the land throughout Europe
Headed by the Pope – spiritual leader of Christianity
Collected taxes – Christians expected to give 1/10 of their income

18. The Medieval Catholic Church
Provided aid to the poor and sick
Established hospitals
Kept records on births, marriages, divorces and deaths.
Taught the Christian religion to the people.
Provided spiritual guidance
Provided stability in a harsh and unstable world

19. Learning Targets
Analyze and explain how the Crusades, Black Death, Hundred Years War, and the Great Schism destroy Feudalism and diminish the power and prestige of the Catholic Church

20. Christian Crusades: East and West

21. Setting Out on Crusade

22. Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade

23. Medieval Trade

24. Christian Crusades: East and West

25. Challenges Hundred Years War: (1337-1453) England vs. France Causes
English rulers wanted to keep French lands of their Norman ancestors
French kings wanted to extend their own power in France
1337, Edward III claimed the French throne
Once fighting began economic rivalry and growing sense of national pride made it difficult for either side to stop
Effects
In France, national feeling grew and the kings expanded their power
In England, Parliament gained “power of the purse” and kings began looking at trading ventures overseas
The longbow and cannon made soldier more important and knights less valuable
Castles and knights became obsolete
Monarchs came to need large armies instead of feudal vassals

26. Notable events and people
Battle of Poitier (1356)
English victory led by Edward the Black Prince
Battle of Agincourt (1415)
English victory led by Henry V
Joan of Arc: Led French troops to victories between 1429 and 1431
Executed by the English

27. Bring out your dead!

28. Challenges II. The Black Death Spread to Europe by 1347
Would kill 1 in 3 Europeans by

29. What were the symptoms of the plague?

30. Cures?
Medieval cure number 1
The swellings should be softened with figs and cooked onions. The onions should be mixed with yeast and butter. Then open the swellings with a knife.
Medieval people did not know about germs causing disease. They did not understand that plague was spread by rats and fleas. They thought that people’s bodies were poisoned.
If the swellings burst and the poison came out people sometimes survived. It seemed sensible to draw out the poison.
Medieval cure number 2
Frogs breath through their skin – so the thought was that by taking a live frog & putting its belly on the sore the poison would be drawn out. The frog will swell up and burst. Keep doing this with further frogs until they stop bursting. Some people say that a dried toad will do the job better.

31. Challenges II. The Black Death: Social and Economic decline
Social Effects
Some people turned to magic and witchcraft for cures.
Others believed they were being punished by God.
Some people turned to wild pleasure, believing the end was inevitable.
Normal life broke down.
Individuals turned away from neighbors and relatives to avoid contagion.
Christians blamed and persecuted Jews.
Economic Effects
As workers died, production declined.
Surviving workers demanded higher wages. As the cost of labor soared, inflation, or rising prices, broke out.
Landowners abandoned farming, forcing villagers to look for work in the towns.
Unable to find work, peasants revolted.

32. Challenges III. The Great Schism (1378-1417)
Also referred to as the Babylonian Captivity
Time from when the Pope was exiled to Avignon, France
1377 Pope moved back to Rome and died 1378
Italian elected Urban VI at Rome;
Frenchman elected Clement VII at Avignon
Church now had two popes

33. Consequences of the Great Schism
The Babylonian Captivity and Great Schism damaged the spiritual authority of the papacy
weakened the political influence of the popes
Kings and nobles throughout Europe began to reassert control over church

34. Growth I. Cultural Achievements Early Middle Ages – cultural decline
High Middle Ages – cultural development
Architecture – Gothic
Higher education
Philosophy
Scholasticism
Literature
Vernacular

35. Russia/Ottoman Empire England/France Spain/Portugal HRE/Italy
Rise of Nationalism
Russia/Ottoman Empire
England/France
Spain/Portugal
HRE/Italy