1. Later Middle Ages,
Hundred Years’ War

2. France & England during the Hundred Years War

3. Changes in England The Magna Carta
English Nobles forced King John to sign – 1215
Kings power was limited- nobles gain more power
During the 100 Years’ War Parliaments consent for new taxes was required
Parliament is now more powerful
Protected the barons, clergy and burghers (wealthy townsmen) from arbitrary arrest or cruel punishment
Granted trial by jury
A feudal origin the Magna Carta guaranteed right to the ruling elites, that were extended over the centuries to all royal subjects

4. The Hundred Years’ War 1337 – 1453
England and France fought over English feudal claims to the French throne
116 years of war
England won every important battle
Except the last one

5. Causes
Aquitaine
French nobles did not want England’s king Edward III to exercise his royal claim in France.
French nobles seeking to weaken French monarchy supported Edward
Flemish aristocracy supported France
Merchant class supported England
Inherited in the 12thC by England (Capetian dynasty)
Capetian dynasty died out in 1328
Econ competition over the rich Flemish wool-producing towns
The war presented many opportunities for honor, advancement, and wealth for nobles

6. Importance Nationalism grows
Both countries sensationalized the evils of the other
Fostered mutual hatred
Military
Ended medieval tactics and chivalric rules of war
England won most of the battles
Used artillery for the 1st time & the longbow,
The cannon meant stone castles were obsolete
France won the war
Joan of Arc – spurred nationalistic fervor
Which unhorsed knights in armor, superior to the crossbow

7. What is Nationalism?

8. Joan of Arc 16 years old Peasant girl
Heard voices urging her to help the dauphin (uncrowned king)
Convinced king to allow her to accompany an army to the siege of Orleans.
10 days later England withdrew
10 days after that Charles was crowned
Joan was captured by Burgundians
Sold her to England
Tried and executed for witchcraft and heresy
Cut her hair
Wore men’s clothes
Claimed to hear directly from God
Became one of two patron saints of France

9. How was Joan of Arc a pinnacle point in the war?

10. Consequences Death Toll was huge in contrast to medieval wars
Economies in France and England both suffered because of the war.
Parliament grew - Constitutional Monarchy advanced
Edward III called parliament into session for money
Commons separated from the Lords
Commons = knights and the wealthy burgers
Right to approve non-feudal levies (taxes) – financial power
Gov raised taxes on wool #England
Edward III called Parliament into session 37 out of the 50 years of his reign to ask for finances for the war.
So many French Knights and Nobles died that it strengthened the French monarchy which leads to absolute monarchy
Parliament growing in England which creates and Constitutional monarchy

11. What do you think were the effects of the Hundred Years War?