1. [BUILDING SYSTEMS] & MATERIALS
INTRODUCTION
TO THE FIRST HALF OF
[BUILDING SYSTEMS] & MATERIALS
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4. engineered materials:
natural materials:
stone
wood
engineered materials:
concrete & cast stone
brick & terra cotta
glass
wood
metals
plastics & composites

5. _____
_____
granite
sandstone
limestone
marble

6. _____

7. _____

8. __________

9. _______
_______
oak
cherry
maple
pine

10. _________
_________

11. _______

12. _____ _____ _______________ hematite => Fe2O3 magnetite => Fe3O4
limonite/goethite => FeO.OH

13. _________ _______________ hematite => Fe2O3 magnetite => Fe3O4
limonite/goethite => FeO.OH

14. ________ _______________ hematite => Fe2O3 => 2 Fe + 1½ O2
magnetite => Fe3O4 => 3 Fe + 2 O2
limonite/goethite => FeO.OH => 2 Fe + H2O + ½ O2

15. ________ _______________ …further processing casting forging annealing
quenching

16. ______

17. _______
_______
clay
sand
temper

18. _______
_______

19. _________
_______
mixing
mining
molding

20. _________
_______
firing

21. _______ _________ cement rock cement rock mine sand sand quarry gravel
gravel quarry

22. _______
cement kiln
clinker

23. _______
_______
clinker
clinker grinder
portland cement

24. _______
just add water
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25. How materials are stressed or loaded 1:
These properties are exploited for the purpose of building
(or building is limited by them).

26. How materials are stressed or loaded 2:
shear stress
torsional stress
compression-shear stress

27. generic stress-strain curves

28. stress-strain curve of three common
building materials

29. stress-strain curve of cast iron in compression and in tension

30. strengths of various stones in pounds per square inch (psi)
The materials of construction, John Butler Johnson, 1909

31. stress-strain curve of Carrara marble in flexure (3-point bend)

32. Wood: native material (and later an engineered material) and the quintessential anisotropic (orthotropic) material.

33. 3-point bend testing of wood

34. 3-point bend data for common woods

35. stress-strain diagram for wood

36. stress-strain diagram for brick

37. stress-strain diagram for concrete

38. … performance
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