1. Muscular and Nervous Tissue
Chapter 4.3
Human Anatomy & Physiology

2. Muscular Tissue Function Contracts to produce movement
Movement can be voluntary or involuntary
The function of all muscle cells is to contract. As you know, an aggregation of these muscle cells is referred to as muscle tissue. Muscle tissue is found throughout our body and is responsible for:
The voluntary movement of our skeleton as well as the involuntary rhythmic beating of our heart and functioning of our intestines.
Lastly, it should be mentioned that mature muscle cells do not undergo mitosis. Therefore, depending on the type of muscle tissue, the cells have limited to no capabilities for regeneration. For example, if cardiac muscle tissue is damaged, then the damaged area will not be replaced by new cells but with fibrous connective tissue.

4. Types of Muscular Tissue
1. Skeletal
2. Smooth
3. Cardiac

5. Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle
Appearance: striated (striped) and column-shaped cells (muscle fibers)
Alternating light and dark bands make striations
Location: Attached primarily to bones
Control: Voluntary (conscious)
Contracts quickly, tires easily (fatigable)
Allows for wide range of forces to be generated

6. Skeletal Muscle Tissue - 400X

7. Smooth Muscle Appearance: spindle-shaped
Location: wall of hollow organs
example: Intestines, urinary bladder, ureters, blood vessels
Control: Involuntary
Contracts rhythmically and quickly

8. Smooth Muscle

9. Smooth Muscle Tissue - 400X

10. Cardiac Muscle Has features of both skeletal and smooth muscle
- Like skeletal muscle, it has strong contractions and striated appearance
- Like smooth muscle, it is under involuntary control and has rhythmic contraction

11. Appearance: striated and branched
Location: heart
Function: contraction of heart pumps blood and causes the heartbeat
Control: Involuntary

12. Cardiac Muscle Tissue - 400X

13. Nervous Tissue
The ultimate control of all the organ systems is done by the nervous system.
Function: controls and coordinates all bodily functions and responds to internal and external stimuli.
THINK…
COMMUNICATION!

14. Nervous Tissue Found: brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
The cells that transmit messages (impulses) are called neurons.

16. Structure of a Neuron Nucleus Dendrites Axon terminals Cell body
Myelin sheath
Axon
Nodes

17. Neuron Structure
Dendrites extend from the cell body and carry impulses from the environment toward the cell body.

18. Neuron Structure
The largest part of a typical neuron is the cell body.
It contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm.

19. Neuron Structure
The axon is the long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body.

20. Neuron Structure
The axon is sometimes surrounded by an insulating membrane called the myelin sheath.

22. Neuron Structure
There are gaps in the myelin sheath, called nodes, where the membrane is exposed.
Impulses jump from one node to the next.

23. Neuron Structure
Impulses are then passed to the next cell by the axon terminals.