Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Why Do Cells Divide? They have grown too large so THE

Published byWilfrid Merritt Modified over 6 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Why Do Cells Divide? They have grown too large so THE"— Presentation transcript:

1 Why Do Cells Divide? They have grown too large so THE
________________/____________________ Ratio is too SMALL

2 To allow an organism to grow and increase its _________
Why Do Cells Divide? To allow an organism to grow and increase its _________

3 The Cell Cycle INTERPHASE OF THE CELL CYCLE INCLUDES THESE 3 STEPS ABBEVIATED AS A. B. C.

4 The Cell Cycle DURNG THIS PHASEOF THE CELL CYCLE NORMAL CELL GROWTH OCCURS ___________________

5 The Cell Cycle DURNG THIS PHASE OF THE CELL CYCLE DNA IS REPLICATED
___________________

6 The Cell Cycle DURNG THIS PHASE OF THE CELL CYCLE CELL ORGANELLES ARE DOUBLED ___________________

7 The Cell Cycle DURNG THIS PHASE OF THE CELL CYCLE THE NUCLEUS DIVIDES
___________________

8 The Cell Cycle DURNG CYTOKINESIS OF THE CELL CYCLE - CELLS __________________

9 Inside the nucleus DNA condenses to form ___________________
DNA in the Cell Inside the nucleus DNA condenses to form ___________________

10 DNA in the Cell Chromosomes are made from proteins called
_______________________________ and DNA- together known as CHROMATIN

11 DNA in the Cell Each chromosome consists of identical halves called ___________________

12 Sister chromatids are joined together at the ____________________
DNA in the Cell Sister chromatids are joined together at the ____________________

13 Number & Types of Chromosomes
HUMAN cells each have ?? total chromosomes

14 Number & Types of Chromosomes
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES Every SEXUALLY REPRODUCING organism gets two copies of each CHROMOSOME (1 from mom and 1 from dad) HUMAN cells each have 46 total chromosomes - 23 pairs Each pair of chromosome are called HOMOLOGOUS chromosomes Homologous chromosomes carry genes for the SAME traits __________are chromosomes 1-22 and DO NOT determine an individuals gender

15 Number & Types of Chromosomes
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES Every SEXUALLY REPRODUCING organism gets two copies of each CHROMOSOME (1 from mom and 1 from dad) HUMAN cells each have 46 total chromosomes - 23 pairs Each pair of chromosome are called HOMOLOGOUS chromosomes Homologous chromosomes carry genes for the SAME traits __________are chromosomes 1-22 and DO NOT determine an individuals gender

16 Number & Types of Chromosomes
______ chromosomes determine the ________of an organism ____ = Female ____ = Male WHAT IS THIS PERSONS GENDER?

17 Number & Types of Chromosomes
______ chromosomes determine the ________of an organism ____ = Female ____ = Male WHAT IS THIS PERSONS GENDER?

18 Number & Types of Chromosomes
______ chromosomes determine the ________of an organism ____ = Female ____ = Male WHAT IS THIS PERSONS GENDER?

19 Diploid & Haploid Cells
Diploid Cells: Cells with 2 copies of each chromosome The normal body cells are called _________cells, and they are all _________ Like a nerve cell …. or muscle cells

20 Diploid & Haploid Cells
Diploid Cells: Cells with 2 copies of each chromosome The normal body cells are called _________cells, and they are all _________ Like a nerve cell …. or muscle cells

21 Diploid & Haploid Cells
Haploid Cells: Cells with ____ copy of each chromosome SEX cells like the sperm & egg are ____________cells Haploid Cells: Cells with ____ copy of each chromosome SEX cells like the sperm & egg are ____________cells

22 Diploid & Haploid Cells
Haploid Cells: Cells with ____ copy of each chromosome SEX cells like the sperm & egg are ____________cells Haploid Cells: Cells with ____ copy of each chromosome SEX cells like the sperm & egg are ____________cells

23 Cell Division in Prokaryotes
BINARY FISSION Prokaryotic Organisms: AUnicellular bacteria with no nucleus or membrane bound ORGANELLES Their DNA is found as One ____________Chromosome Their cells reproduce through _________FISSION DNA is replicated, cell doubles in size and splits

24 Cell Division in Prokaryotes
BINARY FISSION Prokaryotic Organisms: AUnicellular bacteria with no nucleus or membrane bound ORGANELLES Their DNA is found as One ____________Chromosome Their cells reproduce through _________FISSION DNA is replicated, cell doubles in size and splits

25 Stages of Mitosis Prophase Chromatin condenses & nucleus disappears
______________fibers (microtubules) form & move chromosomes ________________begin to migrate Metaphase Spindles align chromosomes in the middle of the cell aka ___________________ Anaphase __________________are pulled apart by spindle fibers and sister chromatids split Chromatids move toward ____________poles Telophase Chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of cell ______________ reappears Spindle disappears Cytokinesis Cell splits to form 2 new ____________CELLS

26 Stages of Mitosis Prophase Chromatin condenses & nucleus disappears
______________fibers (microtubules) form & move chromosomes ________________begin to migrate Metaphase Spindles align chromosomes in the middle of the cell aka ___________________ Anaphase __________________are pulled apart by spindle fibers and sister chromatids split Chromatids move toward ____________poles Telophase Chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of cell ______________ reappears Spindle disappears Cytokinesis Cell splits to form 2 new ____________CELLS

27 Stages of Mitosis Prophase Chromatin condenses & nucleus disappears
______________fibers (microtubules) form & move chromosomes ________________begin to migrate Metaphase Spindles align chromosomes in the middle of the cell aka ___________________ Anaphase __________________are pulled apart by spindle fibers and sister chromatids split Chromatids move toward ____________poles Telophase Chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of cell ______________ reappears Spindle disappears Cytokinesis Cell splits to form 2 new ____________CELLS

28 Stages of Mitosis Prophase Chromatin condenses & nucleus disappears
______________fibers (microtubules) form & move chromosomes ________________begin to migrate Metaphase Spindles align chromosomes in the middle of the cell aka ___________________ Anaphase __________________are pulled apart by spindle fibers and sister chromatids split Chromatids move toward ____________poles Telophase Chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of cell ______________ reappears Spindle disappears Cytokinesis Cell splits to form 2 new ____________CELLS

29 Stages of Mitosis Prophase Chromatin condenses & nucleus disappears
______________fibers (microtubules) form & move chromosomes ________________begin to migrate Metaphase Spindles align chromosomes in the middle of the cell aka ___________________ Anaphase __________________are pulled apart by spindle fibers and sister chromatids split Chromatids move toward ____________poles Telophase Chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of cell ______________ reappears Spindle disappears Cytokinesis Cell splits to form 2 new ____________CELLS

30 Stages of Mitosis Prophase Chromatin condenses & nucleus disappears
______________fibers (microtubules) form & move chromosomes ________________begin to migrate Metaphase Spindles align chromosomes in the middle of the cell aka ___________________ Anaphase __________________are pulled apart by spindle fibers and sister chromatids split Chromatids move toward ____________poles Telophase Chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of cell ______________ reappears Spindle disappears Cytokinesis Cell splits to form 2 new ____________CELLS

31 Stages of Mitosis This is mitosis in a PLANT cell

32 Stages of Mitosis This is mitosis in an ANIMAL cell

33 Cytokinesis - Plant vs. Animal Cells
In Animal Cells: A _____________FURROW pinches one cell into 2 cells In Plant Cells: A CELL _________makes a new cell wall dividing the cells

34 Meiosis Vocabulary Diploid Cells  cells with 2 of each type of chromosome (1 from mom and 1 from dad) n= number of pairs of chromosomes Diploid Cells = 2n Zygote = fertilized egg Gametes= haploid sex cells Fertilization= union of egg and sperm Sexual Reproduction  Parents generate specialized sex cells

35 Meiosis Getting from diploid to haploid cells: Meiosis
Where does it Meiosis occur in humans? In Males it occurs in the _____________ In Femalesit occurs in the _____________

36 Meiosis Overview Meiosis I
1 Diploid * cell splits into 2 haploid cells Meiosis II 2 haploid daughter cells undergo mitosis Forms 4 haploid sex cells Same as mitosis

37 Meiosis I Prophase I Homologous chromosomes pair together a process called ____________ Each homologous pair of chromosomes is called a _____________ PORTIONS of chromatids break off and attach to adjacent homologous chromatids this process is known as CROSSING OVER Crossing Over creates NEW gene combinations – the chromosomes of your sex cells are combinations of both your mom and dads!!! Metaphase I Homologous chromosomes line up in the MIDDLE of the cell Anaphase I Homologous CHROMOSOMES move to opposite poles of the cell Random separation of homologous chromosomes is called INDEPENDENT Assortment Telophase I Chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell Cytokinesis begins

38 Meiosis I

39 Meiosis II 2 _______________cells go through the process of mitosis & cell division The result of meiosis II is 4 _____________cells Gamete Formation In males meiosis creates 4 _________cells (called spermatids) In females the cytoplasm is unevenly divided so that only 1 big cell THE ___________is formed, along with 3 other cells known as POLAR bodies

40 Meiosis II

Download ppt "Why Do Cells Divide? They have grown too large so THE"

Similar presentations

Meiosis Pgs. 96-100 Modified by Liz LaRosa 2011.

Meiosis Pgs Modified by Liz LaRosa 2011.
Bell Ringer.

Bell Ringer.
What do the terms “haploid” and “diploid” mean?

What do the terms “haploid” and “diploid” mean?
Cell Reproduction Chapter 8.

Cell Reproduction Chapter 8.
Chapter 8 Cell Reproduction

Chapter 8 Cell Reproduction
Cell Division By: Amber Tharpe. Activation  Humans make 2 trillion new cells per day.

Cell Division By: Amber Tharpe. Activation  Humans make 2 trillion new cells per day.
5.1 Cell Cycle KEY CONCEPT Cells have distinct phases of growth, reproduction, and normal functions.

5.1 Cell Cycle KEY CONCEPT Cells have distinct phases of growth, reproduction, and normal functions.
Unit 3 Part II – The Cell.  A form of cell division happening in sexually reproducing organisms.  Consists of 2 consecutive cell divisions (meiosis.

Unit 3 Part II – The Cell.  A form of cell division happening in sexually reproducing organisms.  Consists of 2 consecutive cell divisions (meiosis.
Lesson 9.3: Meiosis: The Life Cycle of Sex Cells Goals: Identify male and female gametes Compare chromosome numbers between somatic cells and gametes.

Lesson 9.3: Meiosis: The Life Cycle of Sex Cells Goals: Identify male and female gametes Compare chromosome numbers between somatic cells and gametes.
Meiosis  Human body cells have 46 chromosomes Meiosis (sexual reproduction) - General Overview Sexual Reproduction and Genetics  Each parent contributes.

Meiosis  Human body cells have 46 chromosomes Meiosis (sexual reproduction) - General Overview Sexual Reproduction and Genetics  Each parent contributes.
Cell Reproduction Chromosomes Mitosis Meiosis Chromosomes Mitosis Meiosis.

Cell Reproduction Chromosomes Mitosis Meiosis Chromosomes Mitosis Meiosis.
DNA in the Cell Inside the nucleus are chromosomes, which house DNA

DNA in the Cell Inside the nucleus are chromosomes, which house DNA
Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology
Mitosis & Meiosis 14 Words. Exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. (Genetic variety)

Mitosis & Meiosis 14 Words. Exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. (Genetic variety)
5.4 Asexual Reproduction KEY CONCEPT Cells have distinct phases of growth, reproduction, and normal functions. 5.1 Cell Cycle.

5.4 Asexual Reproduction KEY CONCEPT Cells have distinct phases of growth, reproduction, and normal functions. 5.1 Cell Cycle.
Why do cells divide?. The Cell Cycle Why do cells divide? Repair Growth Reproduction  Some organisms reproduce by cell division (asexual) Limit on size.

Why do cells divide?. The Cell Cycle Why do cells divide? Repair Growth Reproduction  Some organisms reproduce by cell division (asexual) Limit on size.
DNA in the Cell Inside the nucleus are ______________, which house DNA Chromosome  made from _____________________. Coils DNA so it can ____________ into.

DNA in the Cell Inside the nucleus are ______________, which house DNA Chromosome  made from _____________________. Coils DNA so it can ____________ into.
MITOSIS & CELL CYCLE. THE CELL CYCLE A TYPICAL CELL GOES THROUGH TWO DISTINCT PERIODS: 1.A PERIOD OF GROWTH 2.A PERIOD OF DIVISION.

MITOSIS & CELL CYCLE. THE CELL CYCLE A TYPICAL CELL GOES THROUGH TWO DISTINCT PERIODS: 1.A PERIOD OF GROWTH 2.A PERIOD OF DIVISION.
Meiosis. Now that you know all about DNA…. How is DNA passed from parent to offspring? How is DNA passed from parent to offspring? There are two main.

Meiosis. Now that you know all about DNA…. How is DNA passed from parent to offspring? How is DNA passed from parent to offspring? There are two main.
Cytokinesis (2 nd part of M phase) TWO new nuclei are now in one cytoplasm Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm Animal Cells: The membrane pinches inward.

Cytokinesis (2 nd part of M phase) TWO new nuclei are now in one cytoplasm Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm Animal Cells: The membrane pinches inward.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google