1. Ch 2.2 Changes of State are physical changes.

2. Matter can change from one state to another
States of Matter:
Solid (fixed shape & volume)
Liquid (no fixed shape, fixed volume)
Gas (no fixed shape, or volume)
Changes in state are physical because it does not change the basic substance.

3. Arrangement & Movement
Energy
Arrangement & Movement
States of Matter (name the process)
Gains energy
Spread out; move faster
Solid  Liquid
Solid  Gas
Liquid  Gas
Loses energy
Closer together;
move slower
Gas  Liquid
Liquid  Solid

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5. Melting
Melting: Process by which a solid becomes a liquid; gains energy.
EX: Ice to liquid water.
Bar of iron to liquid iron.
Melting Point: lowest temperature at which a substance begins to melt.
Solids vibrate faster the hotter it gets. Eventually they break loose and slide past each other, forming a liquid.

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7. Freezing
Freezing: process by which a liquid becomes a solid; loses energy.
Can be room temperature Ex: candle wax
Freezing Point: temperature at which a specific liquid becomes a solid.
As temperature drops, particles lose energy and slow down. Eventually the attraction between particles cause them to become a solid.

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9. Freezing Point vs. Melting Point.
Freezing Point and Melting Point are the same!
At this temperature, substance can exist as a solid or a liquid.
At temperatures below the melting/freezing point, the substance is a solid.
At temperatures above the melting/freezing point, the substance is a liquid.

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11. Evaporation
Evaporation: process by which a liquid becomes a gas. (occurs at the surface); gains energy.
As the temperature increases, the energy in a liquid increases. Particles move so fast, they escape from the liquid.
Sublimation: Solid changes directly to gas. Ex: dry ice!

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13. Boiling
Boiling: Process by which a liquid becomes a gas (produces bubbles); gains energy.
Boiling Point: temperature at which a liquid turns to a gas.
Different substances boil
at different temperatures.

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15. Condensation
Condensation: process by which gas changes into a liquid; loses energy.
Ex: beads of water that form on a cold glass of iced tea.

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