1. Physical and Chemical Changes

2. Physical Properties
Any characteristic of a material that you can observe without changing the substances that make up the material
EX: shape, size, texture, phase of matter, density, BP, MP

3. change in the size, shape, or state of matter
Physical Change
change in the size, shape, or state of matter
EX: melting iron, water
freezing, crumpling
paper, smashing a rock

4. Chemical Properties
A characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change
EX: Flammability, radioactivity,
new substances can be formed

5. A change of one substance in a material to a different substance
Chemical Change
A change of one substance in a material to a different substance
EX: foaming of antacid tablet
What in the picture is chemically changing?

6. Chemical Reactions
When a chemical reaction occurs, there is always a change in the properties and energy content of the substances involved. There is a change in both the physical and chemical properties as substances are changed into new substances. Most of the time, at least one of the following will be obvious when a chemical reaction takes place:

7. 6 indications of a chemical change
1. Color change
2. precipitate - cloudy
3. formation on light
4. heat given off
5. gas given off – bubbles/ fizzes
6. new substance with new properties

8. Phase Change
The physical change of matter from one phase to another. A phase change takes place because the particles of a substance gain or lose energy, causing them to change their motion

9. Names for phase changes
Melting - Solid changes to Liquid
Freezing - Liquid changes to Solid
Sublimation - Solid changes to Gas
Snow - Gas changes to Solid
Vaporization - Liquid changes to Gas
Evaporation - vaporization that takes place at the surface of a liquid.
Condensation - Gas to Liquid

10. Draw the following graph into your notes:

11. Boiling Point Temperature
The temperature at which a liquid boils
Water boils at 100 oC, 212 oF
Table salt boils at 1413 oC
Diamond boils at 4200 oC

12. Freezing Point Temperature
The temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid
Water freezes at 0 oC, 32 oF
Table salt freezes at 801 oC
Diamond freezes at 3700 oC

13. Melting Point Temperature
The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid
Water (ice) melts at 0 oC, 32 oF
Table salt melts at 801 oC
Diamond melts at 3700 oC

14. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER & ENERGY
States that Mass cannot be created or destroyed only conserved
IT ONLY CHANGES FORMS 

15. Law of Conservation of Mass