1. Topic: Matter & Energy
Aim: What are some physical and chemical properties of matter? Do Now: A compound differs from a mixture in that a compound always has a (1)homogeneous composition (2)maximum of two components (3)minimum of three components (4)heterogeneous composition HW:

2. Physical Properties
Can be recognized without changing the substance to anything else
Examples: color, hardness, phase, solubility, odor, density, boiling point, melting point, conductivity

3. Chemical Properties
Describe how a substance reacts to form new substances
Examples: flammability, reactivity with H2O, reactivity with acids

4. Phases of Matter

5. Phases of Matter

6. Disorder, all directions, far apart, HIGHEST ENTROPY
Solids, Liquids, & Gases
Phase
Shape
Volume
Particle Arrangement
Solid
Definite
Regular, geometric patterns, vibrate, do not move, LOW ENTROPY
Liquid
Shape of container
Loosely connected, flow, move while touching, HIGHER ENTROPY
Gas
Fills container
Disorder, all directions, far apart, HIGHEST ENTROPY

7. Sample Question
Under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, a liquid differs from a gas because the particles of the liquid
are in constant straight-line motion
take the shape of the container they occupy
have no regular arrangement
have stronger forces of attraction between them

8. Phases of Elements on the Periodic Table at STP – MUST KNOW. MUST. KNOW.
Liquids: Hg, Br
Gases: H, He, N, O, F, Ne, Cl, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Mark these on your Reference Table!
The rest of the elements are solid at STP
Which of the following elements has atoms arranged in a regular geometric pattern? Cl Hg Ag F
(What is this question really asking?)

9. Physical vs. Chemical Property
Blue color
Density
Flammability
Solubility
Reacts with acid to form H2
Sour taste
Melting point
Reacts with H2O to form a gas
Reacts with a base to form H2O
Hardness
Boiling point
Can neutralize a base
Luster
Odor

10. Physical vs. Chemical Property
Blue color - P
Density - P
Flammability - C
Solubility - P
Reacts with acid to form H2 - C
Sour taste – P
Melting point – P
Odor – P
Reacts with H2O to form a gas - C
Reacts with a base to form H2O - C
Hardness - P
Boiling point - P
Can neutralize a base - C
Luster - P

11. Physical & Chemical Changes
Physical Change
change in appearance
Size, shape, phase
NO NEW SUBSTANCE IS PRODUCED
(think – phase, physical)

12. Physical & Chemical Changes
NEW SUBSTANCE PRODUCED
Different properties
Chemical changes cannot be undone

13. Evidence of a Chemical Change
Production of a gas (2 ways to know)
Formation of a precipitate
Color change
Release or absorption of energy
Temperature change
Endothermic – reactants + energy  product
Container gets cold
Exothermic – reactants  product + energy
Container gets hot
Giving off light

14. Examples Physical Changes Chemical Changes
Aluminum foil is cut in half.
Milk goes sour.
Clay is molded into a new shape.
Jewelry tarnishes.
Butter melts on warm toast.
Bread becomes toast.
Water evaporates from the surface of the ocean.
Rust forms on a nail left outside.
A juice box in the freezer freezes.
Gasoline is ignited.
Rubbing alcohol evaporates on your hand.
Hydrogen peroxide bubbles in a cut.
A match is lit.
Your body digests food.
You fry an egg.

15. Physical vs. Chemical Change
Sodium hydroxide dissolves in H2O
Hydrochloric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide to produce a salt, water, & heat
A pellet of sodium is sliced in two
H2O is heated and changed to steam
Potassium chlorate decomposes to potassium chloride & oxygen gas
Iron rusts
Evaporation
Ice melting
Wood rotting