1. Biome and Cycles of Matter Review

2. What items of things Cycle?
Everything!
Conservation of matter
nothing in the Earth’s Ecosystems is lost or destroyed…just converted to different forms
What are the cycles discussed in Chapter 19?
Water
Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorous

3. The Water Cycle
Be able to label this or another picture of the water cycle

4. Where do Animals get Oxygen?
Respiration
O2 + GLUCOSE  CO2 + H20 + ATP

5. Why do animals need Carbon?
It’s a building block for the matter that makes up the bodies of living things
Remember PLANC
Proteins
Lipids
ATP
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
These building blocks of life are all made of CARBON
ORGANIC = CARBON CONTAINING Molecules

6. Where do plants get Carbon?
Plants (producers) take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O + SUNLIGHT > GLUCOSE AND O2

7. Where do animals get Carbon?
Producers (plants) make sugars during photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O + SUNLIGHT > GLUCOSE AND O2
The plants (and therefore the sugar molecules) are eaten by animals

8. Carbon Cycle
Be able to label this picture or another picture of the carbon cycle

9. Where do animals get Nitrogen?
From the plants (or animals) they eat
Notice in the cycle how Nitrogen (N) is in different forms (N2, NO3-, NH4+)

10. Nitrogen Cycle Why do organisms need Nitrogen?
Proteins and DNA both contain nitrogen
Be able to label this or another picture of the Nitrogen Cycle

11. Nitrogen Cycle (cont)
How does nitrogen get converted from the nitrogen in the air (N2 gas) to the nitrogen we can use?
Nitrogen Fixation
Performed by certain bacteria that live in bumps (nodules) on roots of certain plants (legumes)
The relationship between bacteria and the plant is what type?
Mutualism…both benefit!
bacteria feed on sugars in plant, plant gets nitrogen in usable form)

12. Think on this… What happened to Mt. St. Helens’ in 1980?
The volcano erupted
What happened to Yellowstone park in 1988?
A fire raged through the park
What happened to these ecosystem communities after these natural events?
Plant and animal species returned

13. Succession
The series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time
Primary Succession=
Occurs where no ecosystem previously existed
Secondary Succession=
Occurs after a disturbance in an existing ecosystem

14. Primary Succession At first there is NO soil…just rock
The 1st species to populate the area are called what?
Pioneer Species….lichens and mosses…can grow anywhere
Pioneer Species can break down rock…provide nutrients….
Weeds and grasses take root….then trees and shrubs…and so on…

15. Primary Succession (cont)
Where might this occur?
A new island formed by the eruption of an undersea volcano
Area of rock uncovered by melting ice sheet
After violent volcanic eruption (ground covered in ash and rock)

16. Secondary Succession
A series of changes that occur in an existing ecosystem
Occurs much more rapidly than primary succession
When might this occur?
After natural disasters such-fire (Yellowstone), hurricane, tornado
After human activities-farming, logging, mining

17. What is a Biome? A major community of organisms
A group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms
Climate is determined by what?
Temperature and Rainfall

18. What are the Land Biomes we’ve studied?
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Coniferous Forest (Taiga)
Tropical Rain Forest
Grasslands
Savanna (compared to grassland closer to equator and more rain…scattered shrubs and trees)
Desert
Tundra

19. Tropical Rain Forest Warm temperatures Lots of precipitation all year
Source: World Meteorological Organization
Warm temperatures
Lots of precipitation all year
A lot of diversity in plant and animals species
Know how to read a graph

20. Grassland/Savanna Primary plant life is grass
What is the difference between a grassland and savanna?
compared to grassland
a savanna is closer to
equator….more rain…
scattered shrubs and trees

21. Desert Low precipitation Deserts get cold at night Tucson, Arizona
Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
Low precipitation
Deserts get cold at night

22. Temperate Deciduous Forest
Deciduous trees shed leaves and grow new ones
Hot summers and cold winters

23. Taiga Located in cooler more northern climates
Source: Environment Canada
Banff, Canada
Taiga
Located in cooler more northern climates
Trees are conifers (needle-like)

24. Freshwater Biomes
What is one important abiotic factor in freshwater biomes?
How quickly water moves.
Animal species must learn to adapt to the fast moving water (or be washed away)
Example Freshwater Biomes
Ponds
Lakes
Streams
Rivers
Marshes
Swamps

25. Saltwater Biomes Also called Marine Biomes
¾ of the Earth is covered in salt water
Examples:
Intertidal Zone (tidepool)…the shoreline…organisms are covered/uncovered regularly…find barnacles, snails, crabs, conchs, sea grasses, sea stars
Coral Reefs

26. Estuary
Area where freshwater from streams and rivers spills into the ocean
Saltwater and freshwater always mixing…plants and animals have to survive this.
NUTRIENT RICH environment…large numbers plankton…food for other animals
Example: GEORGIA SALT MARSH

27. THE END
Good luck on the test!