1. At the end of each chapter, students will be required to fill in the sheets in this slide show to summarize what they have learned over the past few weeks. They should be completed using their homework, textbook, and knowledge of the subject matter. Each “Key Idea” is located on the first homework assignment for each chapter. Each “Objective” corresponds with an individual review sheet that they have completed for homework. For example, “Objective 1.a: What were the early causes of the Civil War?” is the first objective on Review Sheet 14-1, their first homework assignment for this year. These summaries will be kept in the front of their binder to be reviewed often in preparation for the final exam in June.

2. Chapter 14: The Nation Divided
Key Idea 1: Complex economic, social, and political tensions between the North and South and differing views on slavery ultimately led to the Civil War, which affected the lives of all Americans. Objective 1.a: What were the early causes of the Civil War? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 1.b: Why did attempts to compromise fail, leading us closer to the Civil War? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 1.c: How did events in the 1850’s make the Civil War inevitable? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 1.d: After President Lincoln’s election, what finally led to the beginning of the Civil War? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Chapter 15: The Civil War, 1861-1865
Key Idea 2: The Civil War was a devastating time in American history, causing destruction, loss of life, and tensions between the North and South that still exist today. Objective 2.a: What advantages/disadvantages did the North and South have when the Civil War broke out? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 2.b: How did new technology and decisions by generals help/hurt both sides when Civil War broke out? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 2.c: Why did President Lincoln free the slaves and what effect did it have on the Civil War? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 2.d: How did the Civil War impact the lives of Americans? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 2.e: How did the Civil War end and what was the war’s “terrible toll?” ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Chapter 16: Reconstruction and the New South
Key Idea 3: Regional tensions following the Civil War complicated the effort to reunify the nation and define the status of African Americans. Objective 3.a: How did attempts to unify the nation differ after the Civil War? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 3.b: What amendments were passed to improve life for African Americans and why were they met with hostility in the South? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 3.c: How did Reconstruction end, and how did it fail to protect the rights of freedmen? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Chapter 17: The West Transformed
Key Idea 4: New technologies and opportunities led a migration into claimed Western lands, changing the landscape and affecting the lives of the people living there. Objective 4.a: How did the mining and railroad booms lead to the settlement of the West? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 4.b: How did settlement in the West affect the lives of Native Americans? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 4.c: How did the “Cattle Kingdom” begin and end? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 4.d: What was farming like in the West for new settlers and what problems did they face? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Chapter 18: Industry and Urban Growth-1865-1915
Key Idea 5: The Industrial Revolution had significant consequences, including increasing urbanization, the need for a larger labor force, and the emergence of new business practices. Objective 5.a: How did industry and inventions change America after the Civil War? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 5.b: How did business change and affect the lives of workers in the US? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 5.c: How did cities grow and change during the late 1800’s? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 5.d: Why did immigrants come to the US and what was life like for them in cities? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 5.e: How was the expansion of public education linked to other changes in America? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Chapter 19: Political Reform and the Progressive Era
Key Idea 6: Urban problems resulting from industrialization sparked the Progressive movement and increased the calls for reform and equality by various groups. Objective 6.a: How did Progressives and muckrakers begin to change American society? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 6.b: What impact did the Progressive Presidents (Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson) have on America? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 6.c: What changes did the Progressive Era implement to help women in the US? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 6.d: Why did minority groups struggle for justice and how did their lives improve? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Chapter 20: The US Looks Overseas
Key Idea 7: Beginning in the late 19th century, support for a more aggressive foreign policy grew in the US, resulting in territorial expansion and a debate over imperialism. Objective 7.a: Why did the US expand into the Pacific Ocean? What did they receive as a result? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 7.b: Why was the Spanish-American War fought and how did it change the US? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 7.c: How did the US dealings with Latin America help our country become more powerful? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Chapter 21: World War One, 1914-1919
Key Idea 8: Varied diplomatic, economic, and ideological factors ultimately led the United States to abandon neutrality and enter World War One. The effects of WWI resulted in the US return to isolationism. Objective 8.a: How did the “Great War” in Europe begin and why did the US eventually enter it? Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism led to WWI in Europe, which was set off by the Assassination of Franz Ferdinand of AH by a Serbian Nationalist. Alliances caused it to go from a small conflict to the Great War. The US joined due to Submarine warfare by the Germans, the sinking of the Lusitania, the Russian Revolution, and the Zimmerman Telegram sent to Mexico from Germany asking to attack the US. Objective 8.b: How did people on the Homefront help the war effort? Women and African Americans got jobs in factories producing for war, The War Industries Board controlled production and rationing of tin, food, rubber, and other items. People grew gardens in the yards and bought “liberty bonds” to help pay for the war. Objective 8.c: How did the American military help bring the war in Europe to a faster end? The US overwhelmed the Central Poweres with their sheer size, as well as the weapons, machinery, and especially food that we supplied to the Allies, culminating with a victory at Argonne Forest. Objective 8.d: What problems faced the world after WWI and how did people attempt to solve those problems? Germany was treated very badly at the Treaty of Versailles. Empires were broken apart to prevent future wars, but these countries were unstable and the Empires wanted them back. The League of Nations was too weak to stop conflicts from happening. The US became isolationists so they did not help stop problems in Europe. The horrible conditions gave rise to DICTATORSHIPS.

10. Chapter 22: The Roaring Twenties
Key Idea 9: The United States involvement in WWI significantly altered the social, cultural, and political lives of Americans. Postwar reactions generated cultural conflict and change in the 1920’s. Key Idea 10: Postwar America was characterized by economic prosperity, technological innovation, changes in the workplace, and a rising standard of living, but not all Americans benefited equally from this prosperity. Objective 9.a: How did the foreign and domestic policies of the US change after WWI? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 10.a: How did the 1920’s change American culture? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 10.b: What impact did American artists, musicians, and “heroes,” have on world culture? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 10.c: How was the economic prosperity of the 1920’s good for some people but bad for others? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Chapter 23: The Great Depression and the New Deal
Key Idea 11: The Great Depression and environmental disasters of the 1930’s created hardships for many Americans, resulting in powerful government response that had lasting, social, political, and economic impacts on the United States. Objective 11.a: What were the causes and effects of the Great Depression? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 11.b: How did President Roosevelt try and solve the Great Depression and why did some people disagree with his policies? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 11.c: What effects did the New Deal have on minority groups in the US? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 11.d: How did the New Deal change the US? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. Chapter 24: The World War II Era 1935-45
Key Idea 12: The aggression of the Axis Powers threatened the US national interests and security and led to the US entry in WWII. Key Idea 13: The nature and consequences of warfare during WWII transformed the US and the global community. The damage from total warfare and human atrocities led to a call for an international organization and protection of human rights. Objective 12.a: How did events in Europe and Asia lead to WWII? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 12.b: What role did the US play in world affairs from ? What caused the change? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 12.c: How did the war change the US Homefront? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 12.d: How did the Wars in Europe and Asia both end and what were the tolls? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

13. Chapter 25: The Cold War
Key Idea 14: The Cold War struggle between the US and the Soviet Union dominated international military policy, global conflicts, technological advances, and global alliances for four decades. Objective 14.a: How did the Cold War begin and what was happening in the late 1940’s that caused concern in the US? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 14.b: How did the US change during the 1950’s, both economically and socially? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 14.c: How did the American fear of communism lead to the Korean War and McCarthyism? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 14.d: What effect did the Cold War have on places outside of the US and the Soviet Union? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

14. Chapter 27: The Vietnam Era 1954-1976
Key Idea 14: The Cold War struggle between the US and the Soviet Union dominated international military policy, global conflicts, technological advances, and global alliances for four decades. Key Idea 15: Domestic policies and everyday life in the US reflected and responded to the international tensions of the Cold War. Objective 14.e: How did the US role change in Vietnam from ? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 14.f: Once the American role in Vietnam became more involved, how did the people in the US react? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 14.g: What effect did the end of the war have on the US, Vietnamese, and neighboring countries? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 15.a: What were the positives and negatives of the Nixon and Ford presidencies? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

15. Chapter 26: The Civil Rights 1945-1975
Key Idea 16: An extensive and powerful civil rights movement began in the 1950’s, and helped transform African American rights during the 1960’s. The success of the movement led to renewed reform efforts by women and other groups. Objective 16.a: What problems did African Americans face in the late 1940’s-early 1960’s and how did groups/people try to change life for them? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 16.b: How did efforts during the 50’s and 60’s make life better for more Americans than ever before? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 16.c: How did the non-violent protest led by Dr. King help bring about change in the US? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 16.d: Aside from African Americans, how did other peoples’ lives change during the Civil Rights Movement? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

16. Chapter 28: New Directions for a Nation
Key Idea 17: The last decades of the 20th century were a time of tension between a conservative movement and an expansion of social policy. Objective 17.a: What is a “Conservative” and how did the Presidents of the 80’s and 90’s change the country? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 17.b: How did the Cold War end and who “won” and “lost?” ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 17.c: How did the role of the US change in world affairs after the Cold War? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 17.d: How did the US react to tensions in the Middle East from the 1970’s to the 1990’s? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

17. Chapter 29: Challenges for a New Century
Key Idea 18: At the start of the 21st century, the US faced global and domestic challenges, including terrorism, increased economic interdependence and competition, and growing environmental concerns. Objective 18.a: Why has the US been threatened by terrorism and how do we react to it? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 18.b: How do economic and environmental issues link all of the countries of the world? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 18.c: What major advances have been made to science and technology that impact the planet? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Objective 18.d: How has society in the US changed in the last 50 years? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________