Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Day 7.

Published byDerick Manning Modified over 6 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Day 7."— Presentation transcript:

1 Day 7

2 Classification (Taxonomy) Ch. 19.

3 Classification Classification? Taxonomy
Grouping organisms/ items together based on characteristics (similarities). Taxonomy Branch of biology that names/groups organisms according to characteristics and evolutionary history. Taxonomists – scientists that identify and name organisms.

4 History of Taxonomy Carl Linnaeus ( )- devised system of grouping organisms. Based on morphology (physical features) Binomial nomenclature – two word system for naming organisms called a scientific name. Scientific Name Genus – category containing similar species. Species – similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring.

5 Scientific Names Turdus migratorius Gives scientists a way of communicating when common names may be different. Two-word naming system (Binomial nomenclature) Genus Noun, Capitalized, Underlined or Italicized Species Descriptive, Lower Case, Underlined or Italicized American Robin

6 Examples Common Name Genus, Species Human Homo sapiens Dog
Canis familiaris Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes Cat Felis catus Tiger Panthera tigris Jaguar Panthara onca Leopard Panthara pardus

7 Binomial Nomenclature
Which TWO are more closely related?

8 Classification Groups
Taxon ( taxa-plural) - category into which related organisms are placed There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specific

9 Classification System
Domain Eukarya Dashing King Phillip Came Over For Great S_____

10 Dumb King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti

11 Taxonomic Phylogenies
Phylogeny – organisms evolutionary history. Two ways to look at it. 1. Cladistic analysis Considers only new characteristics called derived characters. Derived characters - characteristics that appear in recent groups of organisms but not in older..

12 Cladogram - diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms – constructed from derived characteristics.

13 2.Evolutionary systematics -gives more importance to certain characteristics of a species. Ex. Wings, 2 legs, feathers. Phylogenetic tree (family tree) – shows relationships thought to exists among groups of organisms.

14 Dichotomous Key Method that can be used to identify an organism.
Uses a key that gives user two choices; each alternative leads to another question until the item is identified. Example: you can construct a dichotomous key to identify people (or another group of items), using questions based on gender, hair length/color, glasses (or not), clothing color, etc. Question 1: Is the person male or female? Question 2: Does the person wear glasses or not? Question 3: Is the person wearing blue jeans or not? etc. The end of each branch of the key should be a person's name.

15

16 Kingdoms Domain: Eukarya Domain: Archaea Domain: Bacteria

17 Archaebacteria Domain: Archaea
Unicellular, prokaryotic. Cell wall, no peptidoglycans. Nutrition Autotrophic & Heterotrophic Reproduction – asexual mostly, sometimes sexual when stressed Types Methanogens Extremophiles (thermophiles) Nonextreme

18 How are Archaebacteria different than Eubacteria?
Live in harsh environments. DNA sequence is more similar to Eukaryotes than Eubacteria.

19 Eubacteria Unicellular, prokaryotic. Nutrition
Domain: Bacteria Unicellular, prokaryotic. Cell wall, has peptidoglycans – weblike molecule made of carbohydrates and peptides. Nutrition Autotrophic & Heterotrophic Reproduction – asexual mostly, sometimes sexual when stressed Types Enterobacteria Streptococcus

20 Benefits of Bacteria Decomposers Important to our health
Normally found on skin or body: this is called flora – help keep bad bacteria from building up Help digest food Help make food and chemicals ex. swiss cheese, pickles, sourdough bread

21 Harmful Bacteria Can make you sick Examples use your body’s nutrients
produce harmful toxins Examples Strept Throat –Streptococcal pharyngitis Staph Infection – Staphylococcal aureus Chlamydia – Chlamydia trachomatis Pneumonia – Streptococcal pneumoniae

22 Antibiotics Drug or compound that can kill bacteria
Interfere with different cellular process of bacteria. Made from Fungi or other bacteria. Ex. Penicillin Bacteria can become antibiotic-resistant from overuse antibiotics Ex. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

23 Protista Domain: Eukarya
Unicellular & Multicellular Eukaryotic cells (nucleus) Nutrition Autotrophic Hetertrophic Reproduction – asexual, sometimes sexual when stressed Types Algae Giant kelp Amoebas Euglenas

24 Live in ponds, lakes, and oceans
Carries out 30-40% of Earth’s photosynthesis. Can be beneficial major part of food chain - as producers or decomposer used to make food products like ice cream. Can be harmful Some parasitic and cause disease Plasmodium – Malaria Trypanosome – African Sleeping Sickness Amoeba Giardia – bloody diarrhea

25 Malaria African Sleeping Sickness Naegleria fowleri In brain tissue

26

27 Paramecium Euglena Dog Vomit Sllime Mold - decomposer Green Algae

28 Brown Algae (Rhodophyta)
Most Plant-like of all algae. Include kelps Can grow to huge sizes (100') Most primitive plant like organism to show alternation of generations. Giant Kelp Forest

29 Fungi Domain: Eukarya Eukaryotic; unicellular & multicellular
cellwall Chitin - carbohydrate Nutrition Heterotroph Reproduction Sexual & asexual Types Yeast Mushrooms

30 More Characteristics Live in warm, moist environments Non-motile
Important decomposers & recyclers of nutrients in the environment Largest organism on earth Mushrooms have root type structure called hyphae which can spread underground for miles.

31 Beneficial Fungi Food Penicillian Mushrooms - edible species
Yeast used to make food Bread Beer Wine Root Beer Penicillian Penicillium mold

32 Harmful Fungi Can cause disease Can be parasites Ringworm
Yeast infections - Candida albicans Vaginal Jock Itch Athlete’s Foot Can be parasites Cordyceps video

33 Plantae Domain: Eukarya
Eukaryotic; multicellular Cell wall, cellulose Nutrition Autotrophic Reproduction Sexual mostly and asexual Types Roses Pine Trees Grass

34 Animalia Domain: Eukarya
Eukaryotic; multicellular no cell wall, has cell membrane Nutrition Heterotroph Reproduction –mostly sexual Types Chimps, humans, dogs Fish, sharks, octupus Butterfly, bugs, etc Earthworms, slugs

35 Animals without a backbone.
Invertebrates Animals without a backbone.

36 Animals with backbones can be divided into five more groups:
Vertebrates Animals with backbones can be divided into five more groups: Mammals Fish Reptiles Amphibians Birds

37 Ecosystems

38 What is an Ecosystem? All living organisms & nonliving environment in a certain geographical location. Has biotic and abiotic factors. Examples: pond, forest, grasslands, ocean

39 Terms to Know Ecology – study of the relationships of organisms to their physical environment and to one another. Habitat – place where a certain population of species lives. Community – the many different species that live together in a habitat. Biodiversity – the number of species living together within an ecosystem.

40 Abiotic Factors – physical, nonliving, things in habitat
Biotic Factors -organisms in a habitat.

41 Abiotic factors affect living organisms in an ecosystem.
How would these abiotic factors affect the living in an ecosystem? Fire Hurricanes Wind Frost Tornado

42 Biotic factors affect the abiotic factors in an ecosystem.
How would these biotic factors affect the abiotic factors in an ecosystem? Animal on side of road Algae and fungi on rocks

43 Producers Organisms that use the sun to get energy and make their food through a process called photosynthesis. Also called autotrophs.

44 Types of Consumers (Heterotrophs)
Herbivores - animals that only eat plants. Carnivores - animals that eat other animals (meat).

45 Detritivores – organisms that break down dead organisms
Detritivores – organisms that break down dead organisms. Also called decomposers. Omnivores - eat both plants and animals.

46 Energy flow in Ecosystems
Everything organisms do in an ecosystem requires energy. All energy in an ecosystem starts with the sun. Energy transferred from one organism to another. Some energy used by animal and some is lost.

47 Trophic Levels Energy pyramid is one way to show how energy moves.
All organisms assigned category of producers or consumers. Producers at bottom of the pyramid as they are eaten first. Amount of energy is lost, or decreases, as more organisms eat each other.

48 Food Chain: A food chain shows one path of how energy moves through an ecosystem (who-eats-who).

49 Food Web: A food web is made up of many different food chains
Food Web: A food web is made up of many different food chains. A food web shows many paths of how energy moves through an ecosystem (who-eats-who).

50

51 Limiting Factors Anything that restricts population size
Food, water, or nutrient supply Can increase or decrease population. Population size Can have an affect on food and water supply. Every ecosystem has a carrying capacity – maximum number of individuals that environment can support. (amount of food, water, oxygen, nutrients, etc.)

52 Carrying Capacity

53 Number of hares (thousands) Number of lynx (thousands)
Fig Snowshoe hare 160 120 9 Figure Population cycles in the snowshoe hare and lynx What is the lag time in years between the change in the densities of the prey and the predator population? Lynx Number of hares (thousands) Number of lynx (thousands) 80 6 40 3 1850 1875 1900 1925 Year

54 Relationships

55 Symbiosis A close interaction between individuals of different species
Can be beneficial or harmful

56 Predation Interaction where a predator (organism that is hunting) feeds on its prey (organism that is attacked and killed) Who is the predator? Who is the prey?

57 Parasitism Interaction between two different organisms in which one receives a benefit while the other is harmed and damaged (usually not fatal)  Who is the parasite? Who is the host?

58 Commensalism Interaction between two organisms of different species in which one derives some benefit while the other is unaffected Which organism is benefiting? Which organism is not being affected?

59 Mutualism Relationship between two species of organisms in which both benefit. Which organism is benefiting? Which organism is harmed?

60 What relationship? Clown fish and sea anemone

61 What relationship? Human and round worm

62 What relationship?

63 What relationship? Yucca tree and Yucca moth

64 What relationship?

65 What relationship?

66 What relationship? Human and Candira (tooth pick fish

Download ppt "Day 7."

Similar presentations

1 Classification Chapter 17. 2 Almost 2 million species of organisms have been described Almost 2 million species of organisms have been described Thousands.

1 Classification Chapter Almost 2 million species of organisms have been described Almost 2 million species of organisms have been described Thousands.
Classification of Living Things

Classification of Living Things
Learning Target #3 Who is known as the “Father of Taxonomy”?

Learning Target #3 Who is known as the “Father of Taxonomy”?
1 Classification. 2 What is Classification? Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities. Taxonomy is.

1 Classification. 2 What is Classification? Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities. Taxonomy is.
Taxonomy Bio 250.

Taxonomy Bio 250.
1 Classification Chapter 17. 2 Almost 2 million species of organisms have been described Almost 2 million species of organisms have been described Thousands.

1 Classification Chapter Almost 2 million species of organisms have been described Almost 2 million species of organisms have been described Thousands.
Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms.

Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms.
Classification Review

Classification Review
Classification Chapter 18.

Classification Chapter 18.
The Six Kingdoms Organisms are placed into kingdoms based on five questions 1.Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic? 2.Unicellular or Multicellular? 3.Producer or.

The Six Kingdoms Organisms are placed into kingdoms based on five questions 1.Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic? 2.Unicellular or Multicellular? 3.Producer or.
Ecosystems. Ecosystems Biology 12E Investigate and explain the interactions in an ecosystem including food chains, food webs, and trophic pyramids. Ch.

Ecosystems. Ecosystems Biology 12E Investigate and explain the interactions in an ecosystem including food chains, food webs, and trophic pyramids. Ch.
Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms.

Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms.
Chapter 18 Classification. 18.1 Finding Order in Diversity Systematics – science of naming and grouping organisms Binomial Nomenclature – two word naming.

Chapter 18 Classification Finding Order in Diversity Systematics – science of naming and grouping organisms Binomial Nomenclature – two word naming.
Kingdoms and Domains.

Kingdoms and Domains.
Classification copyright cmassengale1. Species of Organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms.

Classification copyright cmassengale1. Species of Organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms.
Classification of 2 different organisms Human Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primata Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species:

Classification of 2 different organisms Human Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primata Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species:
Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms. 200.

Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms. 200.
Chapter 18: Classification. Section 18-1: Finding Order in Diversity.

Chapter 18: Classification. Section 18-1: Finding Order in Diversity.
1 Classification copyright cmassengale. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only.

1 Classification copyright cmassengale. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only.
The Six Kingdoms Organisms are placed into kingdoms based on five questions Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic? Unicellular or Multicellular? Producer or Consumer?

The Six Kingdoms Organisms are placed into kingdoms based on five questions Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic? Unicellular or Multicellular? Producer or Consumer?

Similar presentations

Ads by Google