1. Roots of the Cold War

2. Division of Germany Post WWII

3. Former Allies Clash US & USSR held different political views
Economic policies
State controlled property vs. private property
Voting rights
Communist party appointed vs. publicly elected

4. Stalin vs. United States
Allegiance
Stalin originally sided with Hitler until the violation of the Non-Aggression Pact
Allegiance
America chose to hold off on invading Europe until after Africa
Secrets
Stalin did not like that America kept the atomic bomb a secret

5. United Nations 50 nations met in San Francisco April 25, 1945
June 25, 1945
Delegates signed the charter establishing the UN
First discussion – peaceful use of atomic power

6. Former Allies Clash Potsdam Conference (July 17 – August 7, 1945)
Big Three (U.S., Great Britain, Soviet Union) discuss final war plans
How to deal with Germany
Only unconditional surrender from Japan
Truman sees US and USSR are at odds
No free elections
Former Allies Clash

7. Former Allies Clash Potsdam Bargaining
Take war reparations from own zones
Democracy and free trade in West Germany
Communism in East Germany and satellites

8. Tension Mounts Stalin declared another world war is inevitable
US developed policy of containment
Taking measures to prevent extension of Communist rule in other nations
“Iron Curtain”

9. Soviets Stalin expanded his Communist rule Satellite nations
Countries dominated by the Soviet Union
Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, Poland

10. Containment Taking measures to stop the spread of Communism
Helped form Truman’s foreign policy

11. Cold War in Europe Truman Doctrine
Declared US support for nations attempting to resist Communist control
Gave economic and military aid

12. Cold War in Europe Marshall Plan (European Recovery Plan)
Provided aid to European nations post WWII
Reduced the threat of Communism spreading

13. Struggle Over Germany Berlin split in 4 zones Berlin Airlift
Soviets close roads and RRs leading to Berlin in 1948
Berlin Airlift
Flew food and supplies into West Berlin
Boosted US prestige

14. Struggle Over Germany NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
Defensive military alliance of democratic nations
Warsaw Pact
Defensive military alliance of Communist nations

15. The Cold War Heats Up

16. China Becomes Communist
Competition for Control
Chang Kai-shek led nationalists
Aided by U.S.
Weak, corrupt government
Mao Zedong led Communists
Appealed to peasants with improvements
Controlled most of N. China

17. China Becomes Communist
Civil War in China
US only sent $
2billion but no soldiers
Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan in 1949
Communists take control of China
US refused to recognize new government

19. China Becomes Communist
Americans React to Communist China
Outrage against Truman
First clear failure of containment policy

20. The Korean War Korea Divided at 38th Parallel
Democratic South (Republic of Korea)
Communist North (Dem. People’s Rep.)
Communist troops crossed 38th parallel
UN and US gave military support to South
Led by Gen. MacArthur

22. US Fights in Korea MacArthur’s Counterattack
Trapped between Puson and Inchon
Half surrender, Rest flee
S. troops reach China-Korea border

23. US Fights in Korea China entered war to prevent invasion
China and US became main opponents
UN forces driven South of 38th parallel
Communists captured Seoul

24. US Fights in Korea Stalemate for 2 years
MacArthur recommends nuclear attacks
Truman objects b/c of Soviet retaliation
Results in MacArthur’s firing in 1951

25. US Fights in Korea USSR suggests cease fire in June 1951 Effects
Created demilitarized zone
War is viewed as stalemate
Effects
Republicans win 1952 presidential election
Increased fear of Communism
Dwight D. Eisenhower

26. Cold War Fears

27. Fear of Communist Influence
Cold War renewed fears of Communists
Growth of U.S. Communist Party
USSR’s expansion
Failures in China and Korea

28. Fear of Communist Influence
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
Investigated Communist activity in U.S.
Target movie industry and “Hollywood Ten”
“Blacklisted”

29. Spies in Government Loyalty Review Board Investigated gov’t employees
Many see as violation of constitutional rights
Many people accused Truman of letting spies into the government, so he created the reviews
The LRB did not find any communists in the government
Caused many other organizations and schools to start loyalty oaths

30. Spies in Government Alger Hiss State Department Employee
Accused of giving gov’t documents to a spy
Convicted of perjury
Sent to jail for 5 years

31. Spy Cases Stun Nation Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Executed in 1953 for being Communist spies
Public appeals for clemency

32. McCarthy’s Witch Hunt McCarthyism
Accusations without evidence
Lost power during Army-McCarthy hearings
Bullying alienated Americans
Condemned for improper behavior

33. Brinkmanship Rules US Policy
Spurred by development of H-Bomb
Willing to use nuclear weapons
Prepared to go to the brink of war
Increased arms race

34. Cold War Spreads Worldwide
CIA used to fight Communism abroad
Stalin’s death in 1953 caused temporary relief
Gather intelligence
Covert operations to overthrow govt’s
Ex: Iran and Guatemala

35. Cold War Spreads Worldwide
Suez Canal Crisis
U.S. and USSR support different sides in a war over the Suez Canal
Eisenhower Doctrine:
US will defend Mid-East against Communism

36. Cold War Spreads Worldwide
Hungary
Democratic government elected
USSR uses military aggression to kill reform movement
US and UN do not offer aid

37. Cold War Takes to the Skies
Nikita Khrushchev
New Soviet leader
Willing to use peaceful means
USSR launched Sputnik in Oct. 1957
US attempt at satellite fails

38. Cold War Takes to the Skies
U2 Incident
Gary Powers shot down over USSR
Part of CIA spy mission using U2s
Released in exchange for USSR spy
Hurts US ability to negotiate with USSR