1. The Nanking Massacre
Journee & Sydney

2. Death tolls estimate over a quarter million people killed
What was the Nanking Massacre:
The massacre started when the Japanese troops captured the city of Nanjing, and then captured the group led by Chiang Kai-shek called the Chinese republic.
The Japanese then followed with a six- week campaign of carnage and slaughter that is now known as the “Rape of Nanjing”.
The injustice ranged from widespread rape to the random killing of citizens.
Death tolls estimate over a quarter million people killed

3. What led to the abuse?
China and Japan were in the middle of a full-fledged war, known as “The China Incident”. Imperial groups advanced towards Nanjing who prepared for invasion.

4. Who:
The people involved in the Nanking Massacre were the Japanese and the Chinese.
When:
The Massacre occurred over a six week period starting on December 13, 1937, when the Japanese captured Nanjing.

5. Where/ Why/ How The event took place in Nanjing, China.
The reasons why the Japanese group resorted to policies of genocide is unknown.
The abuses could have been prevented if the war was ended sooner.
Where/ Why/ How

6. The end of the massacre:
On January 20, 1938, the Japanese army forced all refugees in the Safety Zone to return home, immediately claiming to have “restored order”. After the establishment of the collaborating government in 1938, order was gradually restored in Nanjing and atrocities by Japanese troops lessened considerably.

7. Letter from Dr. Wilson to his family, on December 15, 1937.
Doctor at University Hospital in Nanjing, China. He works at the hospital treating the victims of the massacre who have survived.
“The hospital gets busier every day. We are about up to our normal capacity as far as patients go. There were about thirty admissions today and no discharges. We can’t discharge any patients because they have no place to go.”

8. References:

9. Creation of the United Nations 1945

10. What/ Why:
Poland did not send a representative to the signing of the charter because they did not announce that a new government was being put into affect until after it was too late, so they signed the charter on October 15, Some countries were hesitant to joining the United Nations because they had joined the League of Nations and that had failed previous to the creation of the United Nations.
“The United Nations has 4 main purposes:
To keep peace throughout the world
To develop friendly relations among nations
To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, to conquer hunger, disease and illiteracy, and to encourage respect for each other’s rights and freedoms
To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals”

11. The Countries involved in the Creation of the United Nations are:
Argentina
Australia
Belarus
Belgium
Bolivia
Brazil
Canada
Chile
China
Columbia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Ethiopia
France
Greece
Guatamala
Haiti
Honduras
India
Iran
Iraq
Lebanon
Liberia
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Norway
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Russian Federation
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
Turkey
Ukraine
United States
Venezuela

12. When:
Representatives from 50 countries met in San Francisco to finalize the United Nations Charter in Delegates from these countries deliberated on proposals worked out by representatives from China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States. On June 26, 1945 The Charter was signed by representatives of the 50 countries. Poland later signed the Charter and then became one of the original 51 Member States. October 24, 1945 was when the United Nations officially came into existence when the Charter was approved by France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, China and the United States along with other signatories.

13. Where/ How:
In June of 1950 the United Nations were able to conduct their first test to see the United Nations ability to handle a situation. In 1950 North Korea had invaded South Korea and it was the first time the United Nations had to test themselves.
When North Korea invaded South Korea On June 25th, 1950 the United States immediately wanted the United Nations to act on it. On June 25 and 27 the United Nations called for a ceasefire and for all members nations to assist South Korea. The Soviet Union decided not to participate because they had recently been boycotted so this allowed the United Nations Security Council to pass these measures.

14. Primary Source:
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On April 23, 1945 at 9:35 p.m to 11:15 p.m Mr. Stettinius was asked his opinions on what the official languages should be he moved that “Chinese, French, English, Russian and Spanish be accepted as the official languages.” during a conference discussing procedural matters connected to the San Francisco Conference. This is important to the Creation of the United Nations because it is important that all members of the United Nations are able to understand one another.

15. References: