1. Regional Geography of The United States
An Interactive Presentation

2. Chapter 1, Section 1
What is Geography?
Geography is the study of people, their environments, and their resources.

3. The Five Themes of Geography
Chapter 1, Section 1
The Five Themes of Geography

4. Looking at the Five Themes
Chapter 1, Section 1
Looking at the Five Themes
Location
Exact location describes a place on a grid of numbered lines on a map or a globe.
Lines of longitude measure distance east and west of the Prime Meridian.
Lines of latitude measure distance north and south from the Equator.
Relative location describes one place in relation to another place.

5. Looking at the Five Themes
Chapter 1, Section 1
Place
Physical features—climate, soil, vegetation, animal life, bodies of water, and natural resources, for example.
Human features—types of housing, transportation, jobs, languages, and religions, for example.
Interaction
People adapt to the land
People change the land, through crops, irrigation, pest control, and drilling for oil, for example
Natural resources—materials humans take from the environment to satisfy their needs
Irrigation—bringing water to dry lands

6. Looking at the Five Themes
Chapter 1, Section 1
Looking at the Five Themes
Movement
People
Goods
Ideas
Regions
Unifying physical characteristics-climates, landforms
Unifying human characteristics-language, culture

7. Geography and Population Trends
Chapter 1, Section 1
Geography and Population Trends
Late 1700s—People lived along the Atlantic coast or near other water transportation.
Early 1800s—With new forms of transportation, people moved westward and cleared land for farms.
Late 1800s—White settlers overcame Native Americans and settled the West.
Mid 1900s—People were attracted to cities with mild climates in the south and west.

8. Cartographers Make Maps and Globes
Chapter 1, Section 1
Cartographers make different types of maps for different purposes.
Physical maps show physical features such as mountains and bodies of water.
Political maps show countries, states, and capitals and other cities.
Thematic maps deal with specific topics-population, rainfall, vegetation, or elections, for example.
Cartographers make maps using different map projections for different purposes.
Cartographer—mapmaker
Map projections—ways to show the earth on a flat surface. Types of map projections are Mercator and Robinson

9. Types of Maps Physical Maps:
- show mountain ranges, bodies of water, & other natural physical features.
Political Maps:
- show features that are determined by people including boundaries of countries & states, as well as locations of capitals & cities.

10. Thematic Maps Maps that deal with specific topics or themes.
- Population maps show the # of people in a particular area.
- Economic maps show how people make a living in an area.
- Battle maps show locations of major battles & routes of advancing & retreating armies.
- Natural Resources, Rainfall, Vegetation, elections, religious and ethnic maps.

11. Continents & Countries
DEFINE:
Geography – The study of people, their environment and their resources.
Continent – One of several large landmasses on Earth. They are identified by SEVEN regions. They are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Australia & Europe.
Country – The land or territory of a nation. Size and shape determined by borders created by people.

13. THE 7 CONTINENTS

14. 4 6 1 2 3 5 7 Name That Continent Asia Europe North America Africa
South America 5
Australia 7
Antarctica

15. The Four Oceans 4
Arctic
Atlantic 1
Pacific 2 3
Indian

16. Historical Importance of Waterways
The Ohio River was the gateway to the west.
Inland port cities grew in the Midwest along the Great Lakes.
The Mississippi and Missouri Rivers were the transportation arteries for farm and industrial products. They were links to ports and other parts of the world.
The Columbia River was explored by Lewis and Clark.
The Colorado River was explored by the Spanish.
The Rio Grande forms the border with Mexico.

17. Large Bodies of Water
The location of the United States, with its Atlantic and Pacific coasts, has provided access to other areas of the world.
The Atlantic Ocean served as the highway for explorers, early settlers, and later immigrants.
The Pacific Ocean was an early exploration route.
The Gulf of Mexico provided the French and Spanish with exploration routes to Mexico and other parts of America.
Bodies of water support interaction among regions, form borders, and create links to other areas.

18. Famous American Waterways
Chapter 1, Section 2
Mississippi-Missouri River System
Main branches
Mississippi River
Missouri River
Tributaries
Ohio River
Tennessee River
Arkansas River
Platte River
Other major rivers
Colorado River
Hudson River
Rio Grande
Great Lakes
Superior
Michigan
Huron
Erie
Ontario
Tributary—stream or smaller river that flows into a larger one

19. Waterways of ????? Columbia River Missouri River Great Lakes
OHIO RIVER
Colorado River
Rio Grande River
Mississippi River

20. The United States Where are The Appalachian Mountains, the Rocky Mountains, The Gulf of Mexico, The Mississippi River and The Great Lakes?
Great Lakes
Rocky
Mountains
Appalachian Mountains
Mississippi River
The Gulf of Mexico

21. The United States Where are The Appalachian Mountains, the Rocky Mountains, The Gulf of Mexico, The Mississippi River and The Great Lakes?
You are here! 

22. Appalachian Mountains
Name That Region 6 3
Canadian
Shield 7 8 2
Inter-moun-tain
Rocky Mountains
(CONTINENTAL DIVIDE) 5 1 4
Pacific
Coast
Ozark Highlands
Appalachian Mountains
Great Plains
Coastal
Plain

23. Climate and Weather Words
Chapter 1, Section 2
Weather—condition of the atmosphere at any given time or place
Climate—the average weather of a place over 20 or 30 years
Precipitation—water that falls as rain, sleet, hail, or snow
The temperature and precipitation of an area define an area’s climate.
Climate and Weather Words

24. Key Terms… Define Latitude: Use book Longitude: Use book
Equator: Line of latitude labeled 0 degrees on maps. Separates the Northern & Southern Hemispheres.
Prime Meridian: Line of longitude labeled 0 degrees on maps. Separates the Eastern & Western Hemispheres.

25. Historians Evaluate and Interpret Historical Evidence
Chapter 1, Section 3
Collecting Evidence
Primary sources—firsthand information—official documents, public speeches, eyewitness accounts, for example
Secondary sources—accounts by people who did not witness an event; based on primary sources—textbook, encyclopedia, biographies, for example
Evaluating Evidence
Authenticity—whether the source is what it seems to be
Reliability—whether the source is accurate
Bias—leaning toward or against a certain person, group, or idea
Interpreting Evidence
Determine the cause of a development or event
Historians have their own biases

26. Archaeologists Add to Our Knowledge of History
Chapter 1, Section 3
Archaeologists Add to Our Knowledge of History
Archaeology is the study of evidence left by early people
Archaeologists Study Artifacts
Archaeologists form theories about the cultures of ancient peoples
Archaeologists Add to Our Knowledge of History
Archaeology—study of evidence left by early people in order to find out about their way of life.
Artifact—objects made by humans, such as tools and weapons.
Culture—a people’s way of life—home, economy, government, for example.

27. Understanding Chronology
Chapter 1, Section 3
Understanding Chronology
Chronology
Chronology—sequence of events over time
Absolute chronology—exact time, in centuries, years, days, and so forth
Relative chronology—time of an event in relation to the time of another event

28. Other Social Sciences Support the Study of History
Chapter 1, Section 4
Social Science
Study of...
Example
Political Science
Government
How Americans created the Constitution
Civics
Rights and responsibilities of citizens
Freedom of speech, worship, and assembly; voting, military service
Anthropology
How peoples and cultures develop
How first Americans spread across the continent
Sociology
How people behave in groups
Comparing life in a farming community with life in a big city
Psychology
How people think and behave
Understanding the views and biases in a primary source
Social sciences—studies that relate to human society and social behavior
Other Social Sciences Support the Study of History