1. State and Local Government
Chapter 9

2. Shared powers between state and DC
Federalism: delegates specific powers to the national government, and other to the state government
Shared powers between state and DC
Only certain powers are reserved for the states, as per the 10th Amendment (RESERVED POWERS)
Examples of specific powers of the National government are coin $, declare war, regulate commerce

3. Concurrent Powers Shared by the state and national government
Example is taxation

4. State Government 3 branches One per state
Each state has its own Constitution (and they are usually more specific than the US Constitution)
Headed by a chief executive (Governor)
Elected
4 year terms, 2 term max
Has veto and line item veto power, makes appointments with approval, but executive staff does not need approval
Must meet age/residency requirements per state

5. Lt. Governor Acts like a VP, assumes Governor’s duties when necessary
Presides over State Senate
Other appointments include:
State Attorney General
State Treasurer
Secretary of State
Civil Service workers

6. State Legislature Makes laws
49 of 50 states are bicameral (Nebraska is unicameral)
Has a House and Senate
Must meet age/residency requirements per state
Represents people of a District
Elected

7. State Judiciary If you violate state law then you go to state court
Judges are appointed or elected (determined by the Bar Association in each state)
Deals with issues related to state Constitution

8. State Finances 53% from taxes (income, sales, exise)
License fees, tolls, lotteries….
22% from federal government funding
23% from insurance trust revenue (for state workers pensions)
Much of state $ is spent on education, public assistance, Medicaid, Highways, Public transportation, Corrections facilities

9. States regulate….. Motor vehicles-age, test, registration, inspection
Education-in NJ funded through property tax, graduation requirements, testing, standards
Marriage/Divorce, Child Custody
Voting-registration, polling places
Prisons-Long term/Felony go to state prison

10. What is a county? Division of a state
Provide state services to county residents, assess property values for taxation, maintain voting records
Created and regulated by the State

11. The Home Rule is…..
Gives local governments the power to enact and carry out programs on their own without the direct guidance of the state

12. County Government Governed by a Board or Commission 5-7 members
Called either Commissioner, Supervisor or Freeholder
Passes laws
Monitors people who carry out laws in the County
Also have a Sheriff, District Attorney, treasurer, County Clerk

13. City: Urban center (municipality)
Vary in size, population
Has its own government
Provides services (school, police, hospital, sanitation, rec facilities)
Granted a Charter by the state to become incorporated….Gives the city a Constitution (if not incorporated then are governed by the state)

14. City Government Mayor-Council
Mayor is elected citywide, council is elected by District
Mayor appoints heads of Administrative Departments
Also, a Council-Manager System: city council hires a city manager who operates the government, supervises agencies, given authority by the Council and the Mayor is elected to handle ceremonial duties

15. City Services Roads, Safety, Schools, Local Jails, Sanitation
Zoning: building rules, decided at board hearings
Municipal Courts:Housing issues, juveniles, family court, motor vehicles tickets
No jury, cases are decided by Judges