1. Ch. 5 Sect. 3, Social Impact of Industrialization Page 10
EQ:What were the social effects of the Industrial Revolution?

2. Industrialization Changes Ways of Life
Urbanization: people move from countryside into cities
Example: Manchester, England
1760 = 45,000 people 
1850 = 300,000 people
Urbanization – no plans, sanitary codes, lacked adequate housing, education, police protection; garbage heaps
Middle class – skilled workers, professionals, businesspeople, wealthy farmers; enormous amounts of money had been created; landowners versus those involved in “vulgar” business world

3. Manchester, England

4. Negative Effects
Living conditions - no urban planning & no building codes
Inadequate housing, education, & police protection
Heaps of garbage in streets
Sickness & disease widespread
Urbanization – no plans, sanitary codes, lacked adequate housing, education, police protection; garbage heaps

5. Street Children 1900

6. Boys in a Cigar Factory

7. Working Conditions Average: 14 hrs/day: 6 day wk Not well-lit or clean
Unsafe work environment –
explosions, cave-ins, bad air, dangerous machinery
Frequent loss of limbs

8. Children in London School Yard Mid to Late 1800’s

9. Miners in a shaft 1800’s

10. Boys shucking oysters.

12. Young Coal Miners, ca.1900

14. And you complain about school lunches…

21. Child Laborers

23. Class Tensions Successful businessmen built fancy homes (suburbs)
Middle Class – skilled workers, professionals, businessmen
New Money creates competition to aristocrats = class tension
Poor laborers see class division

24. During the Industrial Revolution, thousands of people immigrated to cities to find work. Many had to live in overcrowded tenement housing, such as this building in New York City.

25. Positive Effects of Industrialization
Created jobs & wealth
Technological progress & inventions
More goods & cheaper prices
Healthier diets; better housing
Raised standard of living
Labor conditions – higher wages, shorter hours, better working conditions (laws – safety)

26. Long-term Effects of IR
Abuse of natural resources
Labor conditions improve:
higher wages, shorter hours, safer working conditions
In general, higher standard of living

27. Description should be a minimum of 5 sentences
Urbanization
Make a simple illustration of an urban area in England in the 1820’s. Below it write a description of a day in the life of a city dweller.
Description should be a minimum of 5 sentences

28. Page 12 5-4 New Ways of Thinking
EQ: What new ideas about economics and society were fostered as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

29. Philosophers Respond to Industrialization
Philosophers such as Thomas Malthus saw the effects of the population explosion.
Crowded slums
Hungry families
Unemployment
Widespread misery
Philosophers began to look for “Natural Laws” that would govern business and economics

30. Laissez-Faire Economics
Laissez-Faire – “Hands Off” = no government intervention.
Policy allowing business to operate with little or no government interferences.
Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations
economic liberty guaranteed economic progress.

31. Capitalism - money invested in businesses to make profit
This is the current economic system that we operate under today.

32. Laissez faire capitalism
no government interference in business (no min. wage; no max hrs day)

33. Utilitarianism
The idea that the goal of society should be “the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people”
Jeremy Bentham – Father of utilitarianism
Laws/actions should be judged by their utility
Did they provide more pleasure or happiness then pain?

34. Rise of Socialism
Many people unhappy with aspects of industrialization & capitalism
Socialism: some want government intervention and believed that:
All factors of production (land, machines, goods, etc.) should be owned by public
for the welfare of all
believed in social justice (helping the needy & mistreated)
Utopianism – extreme socialism, everyone equal = no conflict
This is a very impractical ideology u

35. Karl Marx and Class Struggle
Did not believe in utopia - unrealistic
Marx & Engels write The Communist Manifesto
Communism – radical socialism - everyone equal
Struggle between social classes lead to the creation of a classless society
All means of production owned by community
bourgeoisie (wealthy) vs. proletariat (poor)
Class struggle leads to revolution, then to economic equality.
No private property; goods shared
Marx hated capitalism

36. Demise of Slavery Britain – abolished in 1833
United States – abolished in 1865
Morally wrong
Debate & conflict about economic effects of slavery
Latin America – abolished by 1888

37. 19th Century Union Movement: Britain and United States
Union - voluntary association of workers
spoke for all people in a trade
engaged in collective bargaining
strike - refuse to work
Reform Laws – 1832 to 1904

38. Ideologies Venn Diagram
Socialism
Communism 3
differences
Ideologies Venn Diagram 3
differences
3 Similarities between Socialism and Communism

39. Explaining the Diagram
Explain the differences and similarities between Communism, and socialism. Of these two economic systems which do you think would be the best? Why? Which would be the worst? Why? 1 paragraph, 6-8 sentences