1. Saskia Sassen Columbia University
Data presented come from:
Expulsions (Harvard University Press)
“A Massive Loss of Habitat: New Drivers for Migration”
“Who Owns the City”
AND IF U LIKE FAIRY TALES—here is that version..A MONSTER ENTERS THE CITY

3. IN RURAL AREAS…. DESTRUCTIONS OF HABITAT …
IN RURAL AREAS…..DESTRUCTIONS OF HABITAT ….. (DRESSED IN THE CLOTHING OF DEVELOPMENT) .

4. One instance of what we measure as development but is actually a massive expulsion
Since 2006 : 300 million hectares of land in Afri, LatAm, Cambodia, Ukraine etc bought/leased by rich governments, firms, financial firms
The land is now more valued than the people or activities on it
The active making of surplus populations
Novel assemblage of Territory/Authority/Rights

5. Exhibit 5.8. Water Already Limiting Agricultural Productivity, 2009
Source: Gonzalez-Valero, Juan. Climate, Land Degradation, Agriculture and Food Security: Means to Adopt. Report. September Accessed July 30,

6. Exhibit 5.12 Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions With Full Implementation of Agreements, 2010-2020
Source: World Bank (2013) The Heat Turn Down: Why a 4C Warmer World Must Be Avoided. Figure 2B: Total greenhouse gases, historic and projected emissions, accessed on June 29th 2013.

7. A MASSIVE LOSS OF HABITAT
CONTRIBUTES TO A WHOLE NEW KIND OF MIGRATION.
THIS IS A MIGRATION FOR WHICH WE HAVE NO LAW –NEITHER NATIONAL LAW (AS IS THE CASE FOR REGULAR MIGRATIONS) NOR INTERNATIONAL LAW (AS IS THE CASE FOR REFUGEES).

8. RURAL EXPULSIONS MAKE THESE EXPULSIONS CLEARER…
BUT, WE CANNOT OVERLOOK THE FACT THAT IT IS ALSO AN URBAN CONDITION

9. MYANMAR (BURMA)
THE ROHYNGIA
NOW PERSECUTED FOR BEING MUSLIM

10. LEAVING MYANMAR:ESCAPE ROUTES2015.

11. ROHINGYA AND BANGLADESHI MIGRANTS, 2014-2015 (Estimates).

12. Rohingya Migrant Trafficking Routes.

14. BUT WHY NOW???
THEY HAVE LIVED THERE PEACEFULLY FOR CENTURIES.

15. WHAT ELSE IS HAPPENING IN MYANMAR?
MASSIVE LAND GRABS, WATER GRABS, MINING,…. ALL LEADING TO MASSIVE EXPULSIONS OF LOCAL RURAL PEOPLE (BUDHISTS)

16. YET ANOTHER CASE .

17. UNACCOMPANIED MINORS FROM CENTRAL AMERICA –GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, SALVADOR
WHY ARE THEY LEAVING, CROSSING THE WHOLE OF MEXICO WITH ALL THE RISKS…
THE EXPLANATION: FROM EXPERTS AND THE CHILDREN: LA VIOLENCIA..

18. Apprehension of UNACCOMPANIED Undocumented Migrant Children ( ) Source: U.S. Customs and Border Protection, “Southwest Border Unaccompanied Alien Children.” .

20. BUT IS VIOLENCE IN ITSELF ENOUGH TO EXPLAIN THIS MIGRATION?
WHAT ABOUT MASSIVE LAND GRABS IN RURAL AREAS, PLANTATION AGRICULTURE THAT KILLS THE LAND, EXPULSIONS OF SMALL HOLDER AGRICULTURE, DEAD LAND..

21. NEW SYSTEMICS? A LOGIC OF EXTRACTION AND PREDATORY FORMATIONS

22. TWO RISING URBAN FORMATS

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