1. CARBOHYDRATES

2. Characteristics of Carbohydrates
Consist of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen, the H:O ratio is always 2:1.
Main energy source for living things
Some may provide structure
Three main groups of Carbs:
1. Basic building blocks are a monosaccharide (C6H12O6):
Glucose, fructose and galactose, these are isomers because they have the same molecular formula, but different structures.

3. Different Forms of Glucose

4. Three Monosaccharides
C6H12O6

5. Carbs cont…….
2. Disaccharides-these include lactose, maltose and sucrose (table sugar), they are still considered simple sugars like the monosaccharides
They are formed when two monosaccharides are joined during dehydration synthesis

6. Dehydration Synthesis
of a Disaccharide

7. Formation of Disaccharides

8. Hydrolysis of a Disaccharide -breaking down of polymers by
Adding water

9. Carbs cont…
3. Polysacharides-these are 3 or more monomers linked together, consisting of many glucose subunits
Ex. a. Glycogen found in animals and is used as an energy molecule
b. Starch is found in plants and forms by combining glucose units made during photosynthesis
c. Cellulose(fiber) is the most abundant organic molecule found on earth. Makes up the cell wall of plant cells.