1. Unit 1 : Chemical basis of life
Biology
Unit 1 : Chemical basis of life

2. Biological Macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins

3. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches and fibers.

4. Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are biological macromolecules (polymers) made up of smaller molecules called monomers.

5. Biological Macromolecules
Structure
Classification
Importance

7. Carbohydrates
Structure
Classification
Importance

8. Carbohydrates Structure: They are symbolized by the formula (CH2O)n.
According to this formula, carbohydrates are made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms in the ratio 1:2:1.

9. Carbohydrates

10. Carbohydrates Structure: They are symbolized by the formula (CH2O)n.
According to this formula, carbohydrates are made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms in the ratio 1:2:1.

11. Carbohydrates
Importance:

12. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are considered the fast
Importance:
1.Obtain energy:
Carbohydrates are considered the fast
and basic resources for obtaining the energy.

13. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are used for storing energy
Importance:
2.Store energy:
Carbohydrates are used for storing energy
in living organisms’ bodies until they require it.

14. Carbohydrates Importance: 2.Store energy:
Plants store carbohydrates in the form of starch

15. Carbohydrates Importance: 2.Store energy:
Human & Animals store carbohydrates in the form of Glycogen in the liver and muscles.

16. Carbohydrates Importance: 2.Store energy:
Human & Animals store carbohydrates in the form of Glycogen in the liver and muscles.

17. Carbohydrates Importance: 3.Build cells:
Carbohydrates are basic component of some parts of the cell:
Cell wall (Cellulose)
Cell membrane
Protoplasm (=cytoplasm)

18. Carbohydrates
Types:
Carbohydrates
Simple sugar
Complex sugar

19. Carbohydrates
Types:
Carbohydrates
Simple sugar
Complex sugar

20. Carbohydrates
Types:
Simple sugar
monosaccharides
disaccharides

21. Carbohydrates
Types:
Simple sugar
monosaccharides
disaccharides

22. Types: Monosaccharide: Glucose – galactose – ribose - fructose
Carbohydrates
Types:
Monosaccharide:
Glucose – galactose – ribose - fructose

23. Carbohydrates
Role of monosaccharide in transferring energy inside the cells of living organisms

24. Carbohydrates Energy transfer inside the cell
when the glucose molecules are oxidized inside the cells (mitochondria) and the energy stored in its chemical bonds released

25. Carbohydrates Energy transfer inside the cell:
The energy released is stored in a compound called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

26. Carbohydrates Energy transfer inside the cell:
The energy released is stored in a compound called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

27. Carbohydrates Energy transfer inside the cell:
ATP is transferred into other places in the cell to use the stored energy in it for all the vital processes inside the cell.

28. Types: Monosaccharide: Glucose – galactose – ribose - fructose
Carbohydrates
Types:
Monosaccharide:
Glucose – galactose – ribose - fructose

29. Carbohydrates
Types:
Simple sugar
monosaccharides
disaccharides

30. Types: Disaccharides:
Carbohydrates
Types:
Disaccharides:

31. Carbohydrates Types: Disaccharides: Lactose: glucose – galactose
Maltose: glucose -glucose
Sucrose: glucose - fructose

32. Types: Disaccharides:
Carbohydrates
Types:
Disaccharides:

33. Carbohydrates
Types:
Carbohydrates
Simple sugar
Complex sugar

34. Carbohydrates
Types:
Complex sugar

35. Carbohydrates Types: Simple sugar: soluble in water
-have a sweet taste
-have a low molecular weight

36. Carbohydrates

37. Carbohydrates Types: Complex sugar: Insoluble in water
-have high molecular weight
-don’t have a sweet taste

38. Carbohydrates