1. New Nation
Domain 1
Part III

2. Land ordinance, 1785
Law passed by Congress that allowed for sales of land in the Northwest Territory and set up standards for land sale that became precedents. Among them was the idea of selling mile-square sections of land.
Northwest Territories needed to be organized (for new states!)
Divided towns into 36 sections each 640 acres for $1/acre
Land speculators (old school real estate agents) bought land and resold to people moving west
Helped pay national debt! From what?

3. The Northwest Ordinances, 1787
Government encouraged westward expansion
Slavery was banned in these territories
Public schools were mandated
5 A

4. Northwest Ordinances Organize Northwest Territories

5. Articles of Confederation
Written during the American Revolution to create a “not-so-strong” central government
No executive branch (president or king)
No power to create or collect taxes
No power to regulate commerce
No power to establish one American currency
The 13 original states had more power than the national government
5 A

6. President Taxation Control over states $

7. Daniel Shays’s Rebellion
In , more than a thousand angry, debt-ridden, Massachusetts farmers tried to take control of a federal arsenal
The weak government could not control them
The weak government could not fix the economy
George Washington and stronger government needed!
5 A

8. Federalists & Anti-Federalists
Two groups for and against the new federal government
Major arguments of each
Strong central Gov’t Weak Central Gov’t
Govt. led by educated elite Govt. led by virtuous farmers
Fear of “mob rule” Fear of another monarchy
Industrial economy Agricultural economy
Trade with Britain Trade with France
Checks & Balances are safe Strong factions will take over
5 B

9. Whose who…Decide who is a federalist and who is an anti-federalist…

10. Checking for understanding
Which of the following is not a weakness of the Articles of Confederation?
no power to collect taxes
no strong executive to enforce the laws
no plan to organize westward expansion
no ability to regulate business between the states
In what century were the Northwest Ordinances (1787) passed?
16th century
17th century
18th century
19th century
The Northwest Ordinances proved that
Americans were afraid of moving into Ohio because of Indians.
Americans were excited about moving across the Appalachian Mountains.
slavery was going to be expanded everywhere the United States were going to be expanded.
education was not valued by early Americans.

11. Checking for understanding
Daniel Shays
believed that the US needed a stronger form of government.
created most of the American debt in the 1780s.
led a rebellion of farmers unhappy with the nation’s early economics.
wanted the US to do more business with Britain and France.
Someone that favored a government stronger than the Articles of Confederation would be a
Federalist
Anti-Federalist.
Someone who was afraid of “mob rule” by the masses of people and supported an industrial economy would be a
Federalist.
Someone that favored a limited government led by America’s farmers would be a
Someone who feared that the American president might become as powerful as the king of England would be a

12. Constitution and Challenges!
Why did most politicians disregard the idea of amending the Articles of Confederation? (RED)
What type of government did the politicians want to create at the convention? (BLUE)
What was the “Great Compromise”? (GREEN) What two plans did it include?
Virginia “Big States” (PURPLE)
New Jersey “Small States” (ORANGE)
What was the issue of slavery in the constitution? (LIGHT BLUE)

13. Most delegates quickly discarded the idea of amending the Articles of Confederation, realizing its inadequacy, and focused on forming a new system of government. A government with three branches - executive, legislative and judicial - was agreed upon, but the method of electing representatives became a controversy. Edmund Randolph proposed the "Virginia", or "Large State", plan, calling for a BICAMERAL legislature with the number of representatives elected proportional to the size of the state’s population. William Patterson presented the "New Jersey", or "Small State", plan, which gave all states equal representation regardless of population or wealth. The large states would have greater power than the small states under the Virginia plan, but the small states sought to maintain the equality they enjoyed under the Articles with the New Jersey Plan. Like most decisions made at the convention, this situation was resolved in a compromise. The "Great Compromise", in which it was decided that the upper house of the legislature (the Senate) would have equal representation among the states, as favored by New Jersey, and the lower house (the House of Representatives) would be elected by population, favoring the large states, was passed on July 16th. The inclusion of slaves was determined in another compromise. A slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person in relation to population and taxation. Ironically, the fundamental question of how slavery could legally exist in a free country founded upon the belief that "all men are created equal" was never addressed.

14. Describe the compromises that went into drafting the US Constitution.

15. Separation of Powers
How do we make sure this new federal government isn’t too strong?
Limited Government/Dividing Power
Judicial Branch: interprets laws
Executive Branch: enforces laws
Legislative Branch: writes laws
Checks and Balances
5 C

18. The Great Compromise
How can different sized states have equal representation in this new government?
Virginia Plan
Big States
Representation based on population (House of Representatives)
New Jersey Plan
Small States
Representation equal (Senate)
Solution: Two house (bi-cameral) Congress
5 C

20. The Three-Fifths Compromise
What do we want to say about slavery in this Constitution? Do the slaves count as population?
Southern States
Wanted slaves to count towards representation
Northern States
Slaves wouldn’t count towards representation
Solution: 3 out of 5 slaves count for 1 person in representation.
5 C

22. Ratification 5 B This new Constitution now needs to be approved
Federalist: James Madison & Alexander Hamilton wanted ratification. Wrote Federalist Papers.
Anti-Federalists: Scared new government would take away freedoms/rights
5 B

23. Ratification

24. Ratification

25. The Bill of Rights
The promise the Bill of Rights as the protector of these state and individual rights got the Constitution ratified by the voters
5 D

28. Describe a President
Think of characteristics of a good president. Make a list of words that you would think describe a great president.

29. Identify the main factors of George Washington’s presidency
Identify the main factors of George Washington’s presidency. Opener: Who was George Washington? What do you know about him?
5 E

30. George Washington’s Presidency
Washington was elected the 1st president of the US under the Constitution.
Washington favored non-intervention in Europe, (isolationism, neutrality)
Also got Britain to forgive debts and open trade with US
Washington created a cabinet of advisors
5 E

31. First American Political Parties
George Washington was very afraid of political divisions weakening the new nation, but beneath him two rival factions were growing
His Secretary of Treasury ($) was Alexander Hamilton
THE (HAMILTONIAN) FEDERALISTS
His Secretary of State (diplomacy) was Thomas Jefferson, Anti-Federalist
THE (JEFFERSONIAN) REPUBLICANS
Washington’s Farewell Address will warn of the dangers of political parties
5 E

32. Hamilton Jefferson
Supporters: John Adams New England & Middle States Bankers & Lawyers Wealthy Landowners Merchants & Manufacturers British
Supporters: James Madison Southern States Rural Farmers Trades People Recent Immigrants French

33. The Whiskey Rebellion, 1794
Congress to passed taxes on liquor to help pay off war debts
Hurt small western Whiskey Makers. Attacked tax collectors
Washington sent a large militia force
FAILED
5 E

34. The Presidency of John Adams
John Adams (Washington’s VP) won over Jefferson
Struggled with conflicts with Britain & France
Struggled with economic downturn
Struggled criticisms from fans of Jefferson
States’ Rights?
5 E

35. Alien & Sedition Acts
Adams tried to limit criticism with the Alien & Sedition Acts
Four laws of Congress that restricted the rights of groups of people:
The Naturalization Act increased the number of years a non- American had to be living in America before he or she could become an American citizen.
The Alien Act allowed the President to force non-Americans he thought dangerous to leave the country.
The Alien Deportation Act allowed for the arrest and deportation of any non-American during wartime.
The Sedition Act made it a crime to do "any false, scandalous and malicious writing." This resulted in the jailing of 25 newspaper editors, most of them Democratic-Republicans.
States like Virginia & Kentucky protested for their freedoms and Adams’ presidency was ruined

36. Explain the strengths & weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
Write your own laws and rules for a new country. You must at least include who would rule your country? Who could vote? laws. Who would be in charge of the military and money. And anything else you can think of.