1. Egypt

3. People 87 Million (15th) Most populous in the ME and 3rd in Africa
Majority Ethnic Egyptians
Bedouin Arabs, Berbers, Nubians
91% Muslim, 9% Christian (Copts)

4. Economy GDP $262 billion 6,600 per capita
Agriculture (29%), Industry (24%), Services (47%)
Tourism, 1% of world total
Political instability from 2011 weakened the tourist industry

5. Government Semi Presidential Republic
President elected every 4 years, may serve 2 terms
2014 Constitution

6. History 1517 Conquered by the Ottomans
1798 Invaded by Napoleon of France
1882 British Invasion
1914 British protectorate
1922 Revolution and Independence
1952 Free Officers Movement

7. Al Nasser, Pan Arabism 1952 Free Officers Movement
Opposition to Western security arrangements
Egyptian Arab Nationalism
Struggle with Iraq over leadership
Arab Cold War
Republics vs Monarchs

8. Suez Crisis 1951 Anglo Egyptian Treaty abrogated
‘Playing the Superpowers’.
US withdraws financial support for Aswan Dam
Nationalization, Alexandria Speech, Ferdinand de Lesseps
1956 Tripartite Aggression, Britain, France, Israel
Retake Suez and overthrow Nasser

9. Diplomatic Pressure US, USSR, UN forced withdrawal
US blocked UK IMF Loans and threatened Israel with sanctions
Saudi Arabia oil embargo on UK, France
Canal re-opened April 1957 after the last IDF troops left Egypt in March

10. 1967 Six Day War
Nasser, “The battle will be a general one and our basic objective will be to destroy Israel“
Syria, Egypt, Jordan, Iraq
Crushing defeat for the Arab coalition
Loss of Sinai Peninsula

11. Sadat, Post-Nasserism 1970 Nasser dies
Anwar al Sadat becomes president
Corrective Revolution, Purge of Nasserists Political and Economic Reforms, including multi party system
October war 1973,
Egypt First Policy
1978 Camp David
Assassinated by Egyptian Islamic Jihad 1981

12. Mubarak, Islamists, Revolution
Normalized relations with Arab Neighbours
Established pragmatic relations with the West
Inclusion of moderate Islamists, managed the Muslim Brotherhood
Crack down on militant groups

13. 2011 Hosni Mubarak overthrown
2013 Mohomed Morsey of the Muslim Brotherhood serves as first democratically elected president
Overthrown by Military coupe led by al Sisi
Morsey imprisoned
killing of protesters
spying for Qatar
spying for Hamas

14. 2014 Fatah al Sisi elected 93%of vote

15. Islam and Politics Al Azhar founded 970
Hassan al Banna, Muslim Brotherhood 1922
Sayid Qutb executed 1967
Ayman al Zawahiri