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Where do humans get most of our fresh drinking water?
remember our pie charts?
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Not lakes.
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Not lakes.
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Not lakes...only 0.52% of freshwater is here
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Recall THE WATER CYCLE…
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Certainly not rivers.
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Certainly not rivers…only 0.01% OF OUR FRESHWATER IS FOUND THERE!
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Where do humans get most of our fresh drinking water?
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Where do humans get most of our fresh drinking water?
down here
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Most our FRESH usable (aka: available) WATER comes from UNDERGROUND
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HOW DOES WATER GET DOWN into the ground?
let’s see….
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Let’s do a little demonstration
Push down a bit of toilet paper into the bottom of your cylinder.
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Fresh Earth under our feet can be measured 3 ways:
grain size (size of the bits) porosity (space between the bits) permeability (how fast something passes through)
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Make a quick table substance grain size (large, small, super fine)
porosity (high, medium, low) permeability (fast, slow, none) gravel sand clay
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FILL OUT THESE COLUMNS NOW as I give you one of the 3 substances
grain size (large, small, super fine) porosity (high, medium, low) permeability (fast, slow, none) gravel sand clay
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We will time how quickly water passes through each layer.
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fill in the rest of your table
substance grain size (large, small, super fine) porosity (high, medium, low) permeability (fast, slow, none) gravel large high sand small medium clay super fine low
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You should have this… What did we learn? substance
grain size (large, small, super fine) porosity (high, medium, low) permeability (fast, slow, none) gravel large high fast sand small medium slow clay super fine low not permeable What did we learn?
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Water underground…. Super fine grains ________ water.
substance grain size (large, small, super fine) porosity (high, medium, low) permeability (fast, slow, none) gravel sand clay Super fine grains ________ water. Water goes right _________ gravel into the ground Sandy grains helps __________ our groundwater!
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What did we learn? Super fine grains ________ water.
substance grain size (large, small, super fine) porosity (high, medium, low) permeability (fast, slow, none) gravel large high fast sand small medium slow clay super fine low not permeable Super fine grains ________ water. Water goes right _________ gravel into the ground Sandy grains helps __________ our groundwater!
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What did we learn? Super fine grains CATCH water.
substance grain size (large, small, super fine) porosity (high, medium, low) permeability (fast, slow, none) gravel large high fast sand small medium slow clay super fine low not permeable Super fine grains CATCH water. Water goes right _________ gravel into the ground Sandy grains helps __________ our groundwater!
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What did we learn? Super fine grains CATCH water.
substance grain size (large, small, super fine) porosity (high, medium, low) permeability (fast, slow, none) gravel large high fast sand small medium slow clay super fine low not permeable Super fine grains CATCH water. Water goes right THROUGH gravel into the ground Sandy grains helps __________ our groundwater!
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What did we learn? Super fine grains CATCH water.
substance grain size (large, small, super fine) porosity (high, medium, low) permeability (fast, slow, none) gravel large high fast sand small medium slow clay super fine low not permeable Super fine grains CATCH water. Water goes right THROUGH gravel into the ground Sandy grains helps FILTER our groundwater!
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Clean-up
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check for understanding…
The larger the grain size… the more water is trapped. the more water is filtered. the more water flows into the ground.
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check for understanding…
The smallest grain size… makes the ground impermeable. filters water the most. helps the ground soak up more water.
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tiered lesson to follow…skip to 32 otherwise
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Why did sand filter the water?
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Why did sand filter the water?
direct collision
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Why did sand filter the water?
direct collision microscopic charged particle interaction
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Why did sand filter the water? Why did the clay stop the water?
direct collision microscopic charged particle interaction friendly elephant 15,000 lbs, antibacterialcows and buzz flies (1 million = 1 lb)
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end Wednesday…
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how do our groundwater systems work?
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first let’s make sure we know the difference between permeable & impermeable
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GRAVEL
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permeable impermeable
first let’s make sure we know the difference between permeable & impermeable permeable impermeable GRAVEL
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permeable impermeable
first let’s make sure we know the difference between permeable & impermeable permeable impermeable GRAVEL LOOSE SOIL
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permeable impermeable
first let’s make sure we know the difference between permeable & impermeable permeable impermeable GRAVEL LOOSE SOIL SAND
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CLAY
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permeable impermeable
first let’s make sure we know the difference between permeable & impermeable permeable impermeable GRAVEL LOOSE SOIL SAND CLAY
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permeable impermeable
first let’s make sure we know the difference between permeable & impermeable permeable impermeable GRAVEL LOOSE SOIL SAND CLAY HARD BEDROCK
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WET T-SHIRT
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WET T-SHIRT
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permeable impermeable
first let’s make sure we know the difference between permeable & impermeable permeable impermeable GRAVEL LOOSE SOIL SAND WET T-SHIRT CLAY HARD BEDROCK
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plastic SLIP’N’SLIDE
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permeable impermeable
first let’s make sure we know the difference between permeable & impermeable permeable impermeable GRAVEL LOOSE SOIL SAND WET T-SHIRT CLAY HARD BEDROCK SLIP’N’SLIDE
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Where do humans get most of our fresh drinking water? groundwater!!!
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The water table is the top level of underground water
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Is the land above a water table permeable or impermeable?
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the land above a water table permeable!
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permeable impermeable
first let’s make sure we know the difference between permeable & impermeable permeable impermeable GRAVEL LOOSE SOIL SAND WET T-SHIRT LAND ABOVE WATER TABLE CLAY HARD BEDROCK SLIP’N’SLIDE
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Is the land BELOW THE GROUNDWATER permeable or impermeable?
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The land BELOW GROUNDWATER impermeable!
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permeable impermeable
first let’s make sure we know the difference between permeable & impermeable permeable impermeable GRAVEL LOOSE SOIL SAND WET T-SHIRT LAND ABOVE WATER TABLE CLAY HARD BEDROCK SLIP’N’SLIDE LAND BELOW the GROUNDWATER
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How do we usually access our groundwater?
PERMEABLE impermeable
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we usually access groundwater BY wells!
PERMEABLE impermeable
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we usually access groundwater BY wells!
you’ve seen those fake rocks on people’s property… PERMEABLE impermeable
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we usually ACCESS groundwater BY wells!
WHAT IS THIS DIAGRAM TRYING TO WARN US ABOUT? PERMEABLE impermeable
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What’s another word for groundwater?
PERMEABLE impermeable
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groundwater = aquifer! PERMEABLE AQUIFER impermeable
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groundwater = aquifer!
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Sandstone aquifers underground in US.
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Here’s ALL our aquifers at all sorts of depths!
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Let’s draw some AQUIFERS!
check out the board…use colored pencils if need be. IDENTIFY & LABEL: SPRING CONFINED AQUIFER UNCONFINED AQUIFER WATER TABLE WELL PERMEABLE LAYERS IMPERMEABLE LAYERS
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Freshwater SPRINGS shoot out of rocks from just below the water table.
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Freshwater SPRINGS shoot out of rocks when just below the water table.
Here’s a spring gushing out below the water table
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Let’s draw!
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Here’s another spring from rock that must be holding some water back behind these otherwise impermeable rocks!
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