1. CHAPTER 20 The Heart

2. 20-1: The Heart The Pericardium Know chambers & where each pumps to
Apex vs. base vs. mediastinum
The Pericardium
Pericardial sac vs. visceral pericardium vs. parietal pericardium
Pericardial fluid

3. Superficial Anatomy of Heart
Auricle, coronary sulcus
The Heart Wall
Epicardium vs. myocardium vs. endocardium
Cardiac cells joined by intercalated discs
Internal Anatomy
See Cardiovascular Hotlist for structures to know, including functions

5. Blood Supply to the Heart
Purpose of coronary circulation
Coronary arteries vs. coronary veins (functions, not names)
Read Spotlight Figure (pg 682 – 683) on heart disease & heart attacks

6. 20-2: Conducting System Cardiac Physiology The Conducting System
Conducting system vs. contractile cells
The Conducting System
Initiate & distribute electric impulses
SA node vs. AV node vs. AV bundle/bundle branches/Purkinje fibers
Tachycardia vs. bradycardia

7. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Records heart’s electrical events
P wave vs. QRS complex vs. T wave
What is happening electrically & physically during each wave
Arrhythmias
Premature beats, fibrillation, asystole

8. Contractile Cells Bulk of atria & ventricular walls
Action potential causes rapid depolarization, then plateau period, then repolarization
Energy for cardiac contractions from mitochondria & glucose

9. 20-3: Cardiac Cycle Phases of the Cardiac Cycle
Cardiac cycle: systole & diastole
Phases of the Cardiac Cycle
Know Figure (pg 692)
Pressure & Volume Changes in Cardiac Cycle
Use Cardiophysiology Worksheet to help learn this section
Heart sounds—valves closing

10. 20-4: Cardiac Output
Understand EDV, ESV, SV, EF, CO & how to calculate (Cardiophysiology Worksheet)
Factors affecting CO:
Automatic innervation, hormones (affect HR)
EDV, ESV (affect SV)

12. Factors Affecting HR
Autonomic innervation—sympathetic NS (SNS) & parasympathetic NS (PNS)
Cardioacceleratory vs. cardioinhibitory centers
Blood pressure changes, increased venous return
Hormones—epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroid hormone

13. Factors Affecting SV EDV—filling time, preload ESV
Greater EVD = greater SV
Frank-Starling principle
ESV
Contractility—positive/negative inotropic affects (SNS causes positive; PNS causes negative)
Afterload—increase causes decrease in SV