1. Chapter Six What Makes a Teacher Effective?

2. Questions Reflective Teachers Ask
What am I doing and why?
How can I better meet my students’ needs?
What are some alternative learning activities to achieve these objectives?
How could I have encouraged more involvement or learning on the part of the students?

3. Three Stages of Decision Making
Planning decisions
Implementing decisions
Evaluating decisions

4. Aspects of Reflective Decision Making
Attitudes that foster learning and genuine human relationships
Knowledge
Subject Matter Knowledge
Theoretical Knowledge
Personal Practical Knowledge
Teaching skills that promote student learning

5. Teacher-Competence Areas and Instructional Decision Making

6. What Attitudes Does the Effective Teacher Possess?
Attitude toward self - achieved through reflection, study, and participant observation
Attitude toward children - positive attitude toward children; high expectations for students; willingness to examine own negative attitudes
Attitude toward peers and parents - collaborative
Attitude toward subject matter - enthusiasm

7. Teacher Expectations
Influenced by race, social class, gender, other teachers, and more
May be unconscious
Communicated to students
Affect student behavior & performance
Self-fulfilling prophecy

8. What Subject-Matter Knowledge Does the Effective Teacher Possess?
Discipline content - structure, elements, logic, possible uses, and social biases of subject content
Curriculum content - school and district curriculum and standards
Pedagogical content - best practices for teaching particular content

9. Theories v. Theories in Use
Theory
Unproved explanation of why something happens the way it does
Basis for hypotheses, further study, research
Theory in Use
Idea held by a person and used as basis of dealing with others
Often unexamined, but assumed true

10. Approaches to Classroom Management

11. Guidelines for Effective Classroom Management
Establish rules and routines
Define them clearly
Have students help
Ensure students’ compliance
Establish positive relationships
Be willing to administer consequences
Involve families
Communicate
Make sure they understand rules

12. Effective Questioning Techniques
Phrase questions clearly; ask brief questions.
Link questions to lesson objectives.
Ask thought-provoking questions.
Avoid yes/no and leading questions.
Question a range of students.
Balance volunteers with non-volunteers.
Extend wait-time.
Encourage students to respond in some way to every question.
Probe & provide feedback on responses.