1. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems
Intro to Fluids

2. A substance that flows and takes the shape of it’s container
What is a fluid?
A substance that flows and takes the shape of it’s container
Consists of liquids and gases

3. Types of Technologies Hydraulics (“Hydra” means water)
Science and technology of the mechanical properties of water and other liquids
Pneumatics (“Pneu” means wind or breath)
Science and technology of the mechanical properties of air and other gases

4. Hydraulic System
Mechanical system that operates using liquids under pressure
Pneumatic System
A mechanical system that operates using a gas under pressure
Both use a piston!

5. The Basics: A Piston
Takes fluid pressure and turns it into force!

6. Motor generates high pressures in a fluid
Hydraulics Videos
How hydraulics works:
Motor generates high pressures in a fluid
Fluid is allowed to flow creating a large force at the other end of the pipe
Fluid drives piston and does work

7. Pneumatic System
A Nail Gun:

8. Important Properties of Fluids
1) Density
– substance’s mass per unit volume - Unit: kg/m3
Solid Liquid Gas
High D Medium D Low D

9. d – density (in kg/m3 or g/cm3) m – mass V - volume

10. Ex 1: Find the density of 30 g of a substance that occupies 6 mL of space. Ex 2: Find the mass of a substance that occupies a volume of 20m3 and has a density of 4.5 kg/m3.

11. 2) Compressibility
The ability of a substance’s particles to be pressed closer together
Gas – very compressible
Liquid – slightly compressible
Solid – even less compressible

12. Homework
Pg 224 # 5,6,8-10
Pg 225 # 1,5