1. Better Living Through Agriscience (Unit 2)
By: Jonathan Grimes

2. Bell Work:
What is your definition of Agriscience?

3. Objectives: What is Agriscience. Describe different living conditions.
Identify Factors Influencing Living Environments
Explain how technology has improved Agriculture.

4. What is Agriscience? Agriscience is:
The application of scientific principles and new technologies in Agriculture.

5. Variety in Living Conditions
6.5 billion people on earth
When 7 billion people are here what will our homes and community be?
Will there be adequate food?
Will they have homes and places to live?
Will they have clothes?
Will they have transportation?

6. Homes we live in Poor homes
Cardboard, Piece of wood, grass huts, old buildings

7. Homes We live in Less Fortunate Basic homes that are simple.
Made from wood, masonry blocks, stone
Just enough to provide protection from elements
Generally have water
Usually no bathrooms though!! They rely on creeks, rivers, to supply their drinking water, showers, wash clothes, etc.

8. Homes we live in The purpose of a sewage system?
It treats human wastes.
By-products from human wastes must be released free of harmful chemical disease causing organisms.

9. Homes We live in Middle to Upper Class Safe, convenient, and clean
Have bathrooms, water for drinking, bathing, and other needs.
These people are fortunate! Some communities in our world are lucky to have one single faucet that is not polluted or unsafe to drink or even running water!

10. Food Until 1970’s much of the world went to bed hungry!
Most countries had trouble distributing the food!
Today starvation is a major killer!
Estimated that 1 billion people are hungry!

11. Neighborhood and Community
Neigh. And Comm. Have much influence on the environment we live in.
Paved roads and high rise building
Agriculture land
Beaches
Elegant homes with businesses to work for
People have to work together to reach common goals such as employment, education, religion, activities, and other aspects to make a community.

12. Climate and Topography
Climate-Avg. yearly temperature and precipitation for a region
Topography-The physical shape of the earth

13. Climate and Topography
Shaped by many factors
Movement of heat by wind and ocean currents
Amount of heat absorbed from the sun
Latitude
Amount of precipitation received
How does climate effect agriculture?

14. Factors Influencing Living Environments
Humans and Animals – Exhaust fumes, leaky gasoline tanks, which in turn pollutes the soil, then drinking water. How about acid rain?
Urine and Feces are serious contaminants of food and water.
Diseases are often spread by eating impure food or water, breathing contaminated air, or body contact.

15. Factors Influencing Living Environments
Animals
Serious diseases that spread from animal to animal by contact with body wastes (If enough space is provided this does not generally happen, but as with humans when animals become concentrated health problems occur!)
Most animal diseases just pass on with that species but some do pass on to humans!
Ex. Internal Parasites (live on or within a host being no benefit to the host)
They are unwelcomed guest that cause harm by feeding on it.

16. Factors Influencing Living Environments
Insects (Some help others damage)
Let’s chat!!
Cockroaches – help or hurt?
Bees – help or hurt?

17. Factors Influencing Living Environments
Chemicals (Both helpful and harmful effects)
Oil Spills? Helpful or Harmful
Pesticides? Helpful or Harmful
DDT – banned from the U.S. because of its damaging effects on the environment. It was used to control mosquitoes that carry malaria, it also killed flies. A very good pesticide banned because it had harmful effects on birds by weakening egg shells.
10,000 pesticides are registered for use.

18. Bell Work
Describe the homes that most of us live in.

19. Our Shared Living Environment
Our earth will never grow larger!!
Actually, the living environment for many things will become smaller!
Again, think about baby 7 billion. What will it take to host this many people!
Many, Many arguments can be made!
Do we kill animals, plants, humans?
Cut trees?
Drill for oil?
Save birds?
Protect insects?
Pollute soil and water?
What do we do?

20. Bell Work
At what rate is the human population growing at? (per minute, per day and year)

21. Our Shared Living Environment
Humans are growing at a rate of 150 per minute, 220,000 per day, 80 million per year.
At this rate by 2010 the earth will have 7 billion and by 2022 we will have 8 billion.
Will we have enough to eat?
Will we protect our environment or will we destroy the system that supports life itself?
Humans must decide this because we are the only ones with enough intelligence to improve the living environment for themselves and other creatures!

22. Agriscience In Our Growing World
The key to a prosperous future can be found in agriscience.
Agriscience provides:
Food production
Food processing and distribution
Fiber for building materials, rope, silk, wool, cotton, and medicines
Grasses and ornamental trees that beautify our landscapes, protect the soil
Accounts for 20% of our jobs
We enjoy high standards of living through it
Nondeveloped countries are using it to feed and clothe their people
Necessary technology to compete with other nations

23. Keep Up the Work United States
A major world supplier of food!
Major supplier of fiber for clothing
Major supplier of trees, lumber, posts, paper, and wood products
The use of ornamental plants and acreage devoted to recreation has never been greater in the history of our country!

24. How are all of these people getting here?
More children are surviving to adulthood
Adults are living longer through advancements in medical sciences! At least for those who have adequate nutrition.
We are providing more food to the world.

25. Impact of Agriscience
Where We have come from and where we are going!!

26. Impact of Agriscience (The Past)
90% farmers to less than 2% over a 200 year period. Why?

27. Impact of Agriscience (The Past)
Machines, Electricity, Animal Production, Plant Production, and Research, !!
Reaper – Machine that cuts small grain and bundled it in the field developed by Cyrus McCormick.
Combine – developed from Reaper by adding a threshing device. It cuts and threshes. One many can cut as much grain in 1 day that 100 people could in the 1830’s.

28. Impact of Agriscience (Machines)
Reaper – Machine that cuts small grain and bundled it in the field developed by Cyrus McCormick.
Combine – developed from Reaper by adding a threshing device. It cuts and threshes. One many can cut as much grain in 1 day that 100 people could in the 1830’s.

29. Impact of Agriscience (Machines)
Machines Continued!
Iron Plow – turned soil. It was developed by Thomas Jefferson
Moldboard Plow – developed by a name of John Deere. It was developed because prairie soil stuck to the plow.
Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney developed this machine in 1793 to remove cotton seeds from cotton fiber. (Paved way for an expanded cotton and textile industry)
Corn Picker – removes corn ear from stalk. Developed by Edmund W. Quincy in 1850.
Barbed Wire – developed by Joseph Glidden to discourage livestock from touching fences.
Milking Machines – 1878 Anna Baldwin developed to replace hand milking
Tractor – 1904 developed by Benjamin Holt

30. Machines in Undeveloped Countries
Undeveloped countries have sought simple machines to improve agriculture
Yet, what does a machine do if nobody can run it or repair it! This is how uneducated these people are!!

31. Plant and Animal Performance
Plant and Animal Production has steadily increased over the years!
We no longer need as much land or people to produce the needed supply of food!
United States exports surplus food!

32. Plant and Animal Performance
Increased plant and animal production has had some sad effects in my opinion!
Farm sizes have become larger having a direct effect on the family farm!!
The family farm has had a hard time surviving!
Yet, this has also allowed people to become employed in other places that labor is needed.

33. Improving Life through Agriscience Research
Baked Potatoes – developed it pest resistant.
Aerosol – Malaria and the bug bomb.
Turkey – 30 lbs. to 8-12 lbs. because of smaller family size
Blueberries – Started very small
Nutritional Value – Hay to Advanced Rations
Biological Attractants - Pesticides

34. Where we are now with Research!
Genetically Engineered Tomato – developed in California, it resists rotting and softening.
Natural Rubber Production – In California they have developed a plant that produces rubber.
Bio-engineered Designer Foods – Crispy Vegetables, Sweet Carrots, leaner meats, high-protein milk, longer lasting melons, and healthier cooking oils.
Monoclonal Antibodies in Goat’s Milk – Natural substances in blood that fights diseases and infections. They secrete 4 grams per liter of milk. Anti-cancer antibody was developed

35. Where we are now with Research!
Bio – diesel from Animal Fat – (Tallow) Excess Animal Fat that is trimmed from carcasses is of low value to producers. A process has been developed to convert tallow to bio-diesel, kind of like diesel fuel extracted from crude oil.
Mastitis Reduced – An infection of milk secreting glands of goats, cattle, and other mammals.
Loss of production
Recent research has developed abraded plastic loops for insertion into cow udders. This procedure reduced mastitis by 75%.

36. Where we are now with Research!
Human Nutrition – Reducing animal fat in the diet and increasing fat from vegetable sources.
This reduces high blood pressure and risk of heart attack

37. Where we are now with Research!
Fire Ant Control – These ants infested 230 million acres in southern areas of U.S.
Coccidiosis Control – This disease costs poultry growers nearly $300 million per year in the United States alone. The USDA and private industry generally engineered birds to develop immunity to coccidiosis.

38. Where we are now with Research!
Fire Ant Control – These ants infested 230 million acres in southern areas of U.S.
Coccidiosis Control – This disease costs poultry growers nearly $300 million per year in the United States alone. The USDA and private industry genetically engineered birds to develop immunity to coccidiosis.

39. Where we are now with Research!
Satellites and Nitrogen Gas Lasers – Nutrient deficiencies in growing corn and soybean crops are not easy to detect from the ground. Research has now developed satellites that can detect wavelengths given off by plants using nitrogen gas lasers to monitor nitrogen, iron, potassium, and other nutrients.

40. Where we are now with Research!
Sugar Beet and Rice Hybrids – Beets now have more sugar in them and rice yields have grown by 40%.

41. Agriscience and the Future
2005 the avg. farmer produced enough to feed 140 people.
As pop. Increases in the next 100 years it will take a highly sophisticated agriscience industry to provide our needs.
We will have to become more nationalized as people of our world.
The future will require farmers to become even more efficient in production of food and fiber crops.
Farmers will require the new technology and the aid of research to do this!