1. Goal, Positioning and Transformation Course for Shanghai Metropolitan Area
Institute for Urban and Demographic Development, SASS
Jian Li
BRICS+CityLab，Moscow，8 Dec 2016

2. Location of Shanghai
Shanghai is situated at the alluvial plain of the Yangtze River Delta. Bordering on Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces on the west.
Shanghai is washed by the East China Sea on the east and Hangzhou Bay on the south.
In the North of the city, the Yangtze River pours into the East China Sea.

3. Administrative division of Shanghai

4. Before 1949 In 1930s, Shanghai was the biggest city in Far East Area.
Chinese economy center. Both of it’s manufacturing production and financial volume accounted for more than 30% of the whole country.
And the trade even accounted for 56%（Zhenming Ge, 2005）。

5. Before 1949
With Ⅱ world war broke out, Shanghai has declined. But it still was one of the most important cities in Far East.
After the War, the headquarter of Economic Cooperation Center in Far East was established in Shanghai. It proved Shanghai’s important role in Far East Area.

6.
After PRC founded in1949, the economic policy and international environment changed.
Central government:
(1)All the agencies of financial services, trade services and business services move to Beijing to strengthen the economic development controlment.
(2) New development policy: Taking agriculture as basic industry, taking manufacturing as leading industry.
Shanghai government:
“Changes from a consumption city to a production city”.
International environment:
Cold War: closing the door to the world.

7.
From 1953 to 1958, Shanghai has built 8 suburban industrial parks, just like Gaoqiao(Chemistry), Zhoujiadu(Steel), Qingning temple(shipbuilding), Wujiaochang and Pengpu(Machine manufacturing), Taopu and Beixinjing(Chemistry) , Caohejing(Instrument industry) 。
These industrial parks are 2-3 kilometers away from urban center.
From 1949 to 1958, the proportion of industrial structure has changed from 7.2∶47.1∶45.7 to 3.8∶67.6∶28.6.
Shanghai changed its development track: From a commercial and financial city to a manufacturing city.

8. 1949-1990：biggest manufacturing city in China
Until to Pudong’s development and opening up in1990, Shanghai has become the biggest manufacturing city in China, and provided one eighth industrial output of the whole country.
stages
GDP
Primary industry
Secondary industry
Tertiary industry
RMB
（billion）
average（%）
Ⅱ 5s plan
56.90
1.6
2.10
1.3
41.27
4.1
13.53
－3.1
1963－1965
30.49
17.1
1.73
11.6
22.08
21.8
6.69
5.6
Ⅲ 5s plan
65.71
8.7
3.76
3.3
48.79
9.7
13.15
5.7
Ⅳ 5s plan
91.88
6.6
4.28
－1.6
70.88
7.1
16.72
6.2
Ⅴ 5s plan
130.96
8.4
4.93
0.9
100.42
8.5
25.61
8.6
Ⅵ 5s plan
187.14
9.1
7.42
4.3
135.00
8.2
44.71
12.3
Ⅶ 5s plan
313.76
13.09
1.2
208.23
8.0
92.44

9. ： serious problems
After 1980s, as first provinces to promote the reform and opening-up policy, Guangdong, Zhejiang have got a quick development.
At this stage, Shanghai confronted many problems in urban development, including economic growth, urban construction, Social security system and so on.
The expansion of central city connecting with industrial satellite cities.
Disorder of urban functional zone.
Traffic congestion.
Housing shortage.
Environmental pollution.

10. : “four centers”
In October 1992, Chinese Communist Party's Fourteenth meeting put forward that Shanghai should “take Pudong development to lead further opening-up for cities near the Yangtze River, make Shanghai as one of the international centers of economy, finance, and trade ASAP, and lead regional development ”.
In 1996, primer Li Peng inspect Shanghai and proposed Shanghai should also be the international shipping center.

11. : “four centers”
Shanghai aimed at New York, London, Tokyo and other such global cities. It meant that Shanghai should change itself from a manufacturing city to a Productive service industry city.
In December 1992, Shanghai municipal government proposed the “321”strategy-prior to develop the tertiary industry.
From 1992 to 2000, stock market, futures market, foreign exchange market, real estate market, technology market and labor market were all built.
1986
2014
2016

12. The economic development from 1980s
Changes of the Sectors in GDP of Shanghai
GDP
Primary sector
Secondary Sector
Tertiary Sector
RMB bill %
1980
31.19
1.00
3.2
23.6
75.7
6.6
21.1
1990
75.65
3.30
4.3
48.3
63.8
24.1
31.9
2000
455.10
8.30
1.8
216.4
47.6
230.4
50.6
2010
114.15
0.66
42.05
57.28
2012
127.80
0.63
38.92
60.45
2013
129.28
0.6
37.16
62.24
2014
124.26
0.53
34.65
64.8

13. The economic development from 1980s
Growth of FDI IN Shanghai. In 2014, the FDI reached $18.6 billion.

14. The economic development from 1980s
Contribution Ratio of FDI to the Economic Growth of Shanghai
Year
1991
1995
2000
2005
2010
2013
2014
FDI Used(RMB bill.)
0.93
26.8
26.1
56.1
756.2
1090.7
1144.5
Total Investment(RMB bill.) 
25.8
160.2
187
354.3
FDI/Total Investment(%)
3.6
16.9 14
15.8
14.2
19.3
19.0
Source: Shanghai Statistical Yearbook 2014.

15. 2000-2008: Unbalanced development
But in this transformation process, the regional development is unbalanced.
Some districts based on service industry in the past including Huangpu, Luwan, Changning, Jingan, Xuhui made great achievements in economic development.
But some other districts Including Yangpu, Putuo, Zhabei based on manufacturing industry in the past faced hard difficulties to transform.

16. After 2008: the new goal
“ The Third Industrial Revolution”/ ”Industrial Revolution 4.0” inspired Shanghai.
Innovation and creativity have been popular in Shanghai in recent years.
In February and May 2014, President Jinping XI inspects Shanghai twice. He put forward Shanghai should be a “global innovation center for sciences and technology” in the future.

17. After 2008 : the new goal
Also, in recent years, There are some studies on ranking of competitiveness for international cities. Shanghai scored low in some indicators about soft power compared to cities in developed countries, including culture, environment, public service and so on.
Shanghai municipal government put forward that Shanghai would be a international cultural megalopolis to promote urban soft power.

18. Cultural and innovative parks

19. Cultural and innovative parks
1933 Old factory square
The biggest slaughter house

20. Innovation Districts Innovation and Intelligence Space
From Old city to

21. Zhangjiang High-tech Parks

22. THANKS 谢 谢