1. Chapter 10 Study Guide Review
Ms. Colabelli
Mrs. McDonough

2. What occurs in each of the following stages?
Interphase: G1-growth, S – synthesis of DNA, replicating chromosomes, G2 – growing, replication of organelles.
Prophase: organelles disappear, centrioles move to opposite poles. Can see chromosomes.
Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at the equator, middle of the cell.
Anaphase: Centromeres split and attach to the spindle fibers, chromosomes pulled Apart.
Telophase: Chromosomes turn into chromatin, nuclear envelope forms. Begin to see two nuclei.
Cytokinesis: cytoplasm splits into two equal parts, Plant cell has a cell plate, Animal cell has a cleavage furrow.

3. Which stages occur during mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Which stage of the cell cycle does the cell spend most of its time in? Why?
Interphase because the cell is growing and preparing for cell division.
What are the three stages of interphase and what do they do?
G1-cell growth, S-synthesis of DNA, G2 – cell growth and organelle replication.
What are the spindle fibers made of and what do they do?
They are made of protein and they attach to the centromere and move the chromosomes apart. The centrioles make the spindle fibers.

4. Define binary fission. Define mitosis. How does cancer occur?
The reproduction process of prokaryotic cells (cell division). Ex: Bacteria
Define mitosis.
The nucleus divides to make two new nuclei. Middle part of the cell cycle.
How does cancer occur?
When the cell does not respond to internal and external regulators and cyclins.

5. Regular functioning cells
Compare cancer cells to regular functioning cells.
Cancer cells
Regular functioning cells
Large number of dividing cells
Do not respond to regulators
Coarse chromatin (dark nucleus)
Little cytoplasm
Multiple nuclei/nucleoli
Controlled diving cells
Do respond to cyclins/regulators
Fine chromatin
A lot of cytoplasm
One nucleus/nucleolus

6. Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
Draw each stage of the cell cycle and label the parts of the cell.
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

7. How do plant and animal cells differ in cytokinesis?
Plant cell has a cell plate which will eventually become the cell wall. Animal cell has a cleavage furrow.
What is the difference between chromatin and chromatids?
Chromatin is very thin DNA, chromatids are condensed DNA (chromatin condensed).

8. What is this structure? Label the picture.
How is this structure important to cell division?
Chromosomes are made up of DNA which codes for our genetic information. They are important because they code for each individual.
Sister chromatids
Centromere