1. InterAction Lab, University of Trento
4/26/2018
Understanding Motivations of Older People to Engage in Socio-Technical Interventions for Active Ageing
Mlađan Jovanović
InterAction Lab, University of Trento

2. Context Problem Goals Means
4/26/2018
Context
Problem
Increase the number of older adults who engage in regular and sustained physical and social activities
Goals
Reduction of falls and traumatic events
Improvement od physical, mental and emotional being
Means
Socio-technical intervention that builds on physical activity and social interaction
Robotic friend that supports execution of everyday activities (FriWalk)
Intelligent system that produces activities recommendation (FriTab)

3. 4/26/2018
Problem
Understanding and formulating motivations of older adults to engage in the intervention
Prior to actual design
Socio-technical context of engagement
Personal level – why engaging in an activity
Social level – why engaging in social networking
Technological level – why using the technology
Active Ageing
Physically, mentally and socially active lifestyle as we age

4. Active Ageing determinants
Health - a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being (not merely the absence of frailty or infirmity)
Participation - the ability to engage in socio-economic and cultural activities (e.g. attending cultural activities, volunteering, being part of local communities, or interacting with family and friends)
Security - having adequate protection and care when assistance is required while maintaining as much autonomy and independence as possible

5. 4/26/2018
Proposed solution
Using existing motivational framework to analyse, identify and formulate motivations
Analyse: the initial study to understand motivations
Identify: follow-up study to identify concrete motivations for a set of behaviours
Formulate: scenario-based requirements specification with the motivations included
Instantiate the motivational framework for the set of predefined behaviours/scenarios

6. IBM motivational framework
Methodology Revised
4/26/2018
IBM motivational framework
Domain grounding
Designing scenarios
Evaluating scenarios

7. Conceptual Foundation
4/26/2018
Conceptual Foundation
The Integrated Behaviour Model (IBM)
Intention_to_engage = F(attitudes, norms, agency)
attitudes = experience ∧ beliefs_about_outcomes
norms = injunctive_norms ∧ descriptive_norms
agency = perceived_control ∧ self-efficacy

8. IBM Feelings about behavior Behavioral beliefs Experiential attitude
4/26/2018
IBM
Feelings about
behavior
Behavioral beliefs
Experiential
attitude
Instrumental
Attitude
Others’ expectations
Others’ behaviour
Injunctive
norm
Descriptive
Perceived Norm
Control beliefs
Efficacy beliefs
Perceived
control
Self-efficacy
Personal Agency
Knowledge and
skills
Salience
of the behaviour
Intention or decision
to perform
the behaviour
Environmental
constraints
Habits
The Behaviour

9. Understanding Motivations 1/2
4/26/2018
Understanding Motivations 1/2
Semi-structured interviews
18 participants
10 from Italy (6 females, 4 males; mean age 75; from rural areas, 5 from urban areas)
8 from UK (4 females, 4 males; mean age 70; from urban areas)
Thematic analysis of the transcripts
Extrapolating all the statements relevant to IBM’s codes that describe behavioural intention (activity, attitude, norms, agency)

10. Understanding Motivations 2/2
4/26/2018
Understanding Motivations 2/2
Insights
Attitudes
Physical activites as source of serenity (mental well-being) and a way to stay fit (physical well-doing)
Social experience while doing the activities
Norms
Family members influence the selection of an acitivity
Relationships with age peers regulate the activities in practice
Agency
Perceive ageing as a natural process
Determined, resilient and proactive (high internal locus of control)
Independent active persons involved in different kinds of activities in both social and private contexts

11. Identifying Motivations – initial scenarios
Section
Description
Demographics
to describe the type of user
Location
to identify whether the user is rural or urban
Lifestyle
to indicate current levels of activity
Gap for activity
to highlight where the system could be used within the user’s life
Arrival of system
to explain how the system arrives with the user
Recommendation
the type of recommendation provided by the recommender system
Basis for recommendation
how the system knows what to recommend
Decision
how the user responds to the recommendation
Implementation
how the system assists in performing the recommendation
Using system features
how the system contributes to the experience
Result
what happens after the recommendation has been followed

12. Identifying Motivations – storyboards 1/2
4/26/2018
Hello,
I am Isabella

13. Identifying Motivations – storyboards 2/2
Hello,
I am Michael

14. Identifying Motivations – extensions
Section
Description
Desire for activity
to highlight potential desire for the system functionality while doing the activity
Desire for social interaction
to highlight potential desire for social interaction through the system
Experience feelings
to describe emotional responses associated with the behaviour
Attitude benefits
to describe beliefs about the outcomes associated with the behaviour
Influential others
to indicate what other people think the person should do
Perception of peers
to highlight person’s perception about what others (age peers) are doing
Perceived control
to indicate the perception of the degree to which various environmental factors influence the behaviour
Self-efficacy
to indicate level of confidence in the ability to perform the behaviour
Facilitators
to indicate facilitators to perform the behaviour
Barriers
to indicate barriers to perform the behaviour

15. 4/26/2018
Conclusion
Analysing, identifying and formulating motivational factors in designing for active ageing
Design the experience before designing the system
Future work on the frontend of the recommendation system (FriTab)
Identification of users’ needs – understanding and drawing requirements
Basic functionalities and design – sketching
High-fidelity prototypes – refining
Motivational/Usability/UX studies – assessing

16. InterAction Lab, University of Trento
4/26/2018
Understanding Motivations of Older People to Engage in Socio-Technical Interventions for Active Ageing
Mlađan Jovanović
InterAction Lab, University of Trento