1. Circulatory and Respiratory System
Honors Biology
Powerpoint #4
Unit 8 – Chapter 37

2. Circulatory System
Cute circulatory video
Pantology of Cantrell

3. Circulatory System Structures: Functions: Heart, Blood vessels, blood
Brings oxygen, nutrients and hormones to cells
Fights infection
Regulates body temperature.

4. Heart Made of cardiac muscle Beats on average 65-85 beats per minute
Pumps to circulate blood throughout the body

5. Take your heart Rate

6. Blood Vessels: Carry blood to cells Lined with smooth muscle tissue
Three kinds:
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

7. Fun Fact
If all arteries, veins, and capillaries of the human circulatory system were laid end to end, the total length would be 60,000 miles. That's nearly 2 ½ times around the Earth!
Your body has about 5.6 liters and circulates through the body 3 times/min. In one day, the blood travels a total of 12,000 miles- that's four times the distance across the U.S. from coast to coast.

8. Arteries (carries blood away from heart)
Carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Thick, elastic walls

9. Capillaries Branch off of the Arteries
The smallest of the blood vessels
some have diameters as small as 1 red blood cell
Takes blood to cells where nutrients/gases diffuse

10. Veins
Takes deoxygenated blood from the capillaries back to the heart

11. Comparing arteries and veins

13. Veins
Have valves to prevent backflow because not receiving pressure from heart
Muscles help pump blood back to heart through the veins

14. Current Articles

15. Varicose veins

17. Treatment for varicose/spider veins
Laser surgery. Laser surgery works by sending strong bursts of light into the vein that make the vein slowly fade and disappear. No incisions or needles are used. The treatment is often less effective than sclerotherapy.
Sclerotherapy. doctor injects the veins with a solution that scars and closes those veins, causing the blood to reroute through healthier veins.
Vein ligation/vein striping

18. Blood The human body has 4-6 liters of blood Blood:
45% of blood is Cells
55% of blood is plasma

19. Blood Cells: 3 kinds
Red Blood Cells: transports oxygen, contain hemoglobin (gives them color)
White Blood Cells (leukocytes): attack foreign substances or organisms.
Platelets: stick to broken blood vessels to stop bleeding when you are cut

21. Plasma 90% water 10% other materials: Dissolved gases Salts Nutrients
Enzymes
Hormones
Waste products

22. Blood Flow in the Heart Upper body
Cool Facts about the circulatory system

23. The Heart The human heart has four chambers Left and right ventricle
Left and right atrium
The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body
The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

24. Valves

25. Intraventricular Septum

26. Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle

27. 1) The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava.

28. 2) The right atrium pumps blood through the tricuspid (AV) valve and into the right ventricle

29. 3) Right Ventricle Contracts and pushes blood through pulmonary valve towards lungs

30. 4) Blood is pushed through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs to receive oxygen

31. 5) Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium from the lungs through the pulmonary veins

32. 6) Blood passes through the bicuspid (mitral) valve into the left ventricle.

33. 7) Contraction of Left ventricle pumps blood through aortic valve to the aorta

34. 8)Blood travels through aorta and then to all regions of the body where it feeds cells with oxygen picked up from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive tract.

36. Semilunar (pulmonary & Aortic) Valves

37. Atrioventricular valves

38. Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is a measure of the force exerted by the blood on the wall of the arteries.
An example is 120/80 (systolic pressure/diastolic pressure.
Systolic pressure is the result of the contraction of the ventricles (normal )
Diastolic pressure is during the ventricle relaxation (normal 70-90)

40. Disorders of the Circulatory System: Coronary artery disease – Atherosclerosis
Plaque buildup blocks arteries, reducing, or even stopping blood flow
Plaques can break off, causing heart attack or stroke

41. Cause: Damaged arteries are ‘invaded’ by bad LDL cholesterol
Cause: Damaged arteries are ‘invaded’ by bad LDL cholesterol. White blood cells try to digest the LDL. Ultimately, a jumble of cholesterol and cells is accumulated.
Risk Factors: Smoking, high blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol, diabetes

42. Treatments
Lifestyle changes: Follow healthy diet, maintain healthy weight, exercise, quit smoking, manage stress
Medicine: lowers cholesterol, helps prevent platelets from sticking and clotting (aspirin), helps harden plaque so lowers chance of breaking off
Surgeries:
Angioplasty (Coronary Stent)
Coronary artery bypass
Carotoid endartectomy

43. Disorders of the Circulatory System
Heart Attack– Myocardial Infarction (MI)
= Death of cardiac muscle cells
Cause: Plaque dislodges, blocking an artery to the heart muscle. Cardiac muscle cells are starved for oxygen and die. After, scar tissue forms where cells died, reducing function of heart. Severity of a heart attack depends on size and area supplied by the artery.
Risk Factors: Smoking, high blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol, diabetes
Bypass surgery

44. Disorders of the Circulatory System
Stroke=Death of cells in the brain.
Cause: A blood vessel in the brain is blocked (by dislodged plaque, or bursts, starving the cells of oxygen)
A stroke can have many different symptoms, including: numbness, vision changes, speech changes, or confusion.
Risk Factors: Smoking, high blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol, diabetes

45. Disorders of the Circulatory System
Arrhythmia= Irregular / skipped heart beat
Cause: The heart uses electrical signals created in the SA node in the right atria, to begin a heartbeat. The conduction of these signals, or irregular firing of the SA node, can cause arrhythmias. Atrial arrhythmias are less dangerous than ventricular arrhythmias.
Risk Factors: Generally random, but factors are stimulants (such as caffeine), fevers, stress, or genetic disorders.
AFIB Oblation

46. Heart Murmurs
Aortic Valve Replacement

47. Disorders of the Circulatory System
High blood pressure - Hypertension
Diastolic pressure over 90
Why it is dangerous: Excessive pressure can cause the arteries to thicken, and blood vessels to weaken and rupture. This can lead to heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, loss of sight when vessels in eyes burst.
Risk Factors: Genetics, overweight, limited physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, certain medications
Virtual Cardiology Lab