1. Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Determining Leadership Style:
Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Cathy O. Robbins
Nonprofit Executive Leadership Program // Northeast Region // June 1-3rd, 2016

2. The MBTI® Instrument A “measure” of personality type
Based on Carl J. Jung’s work
8 personality preferences
Organized into 16 types

3. Development
The MBTI® Instrument was developed by: Katharine C. Briggs & Isabel Briggs Myers (mother ) (daughter )
Based on: Carl Gustav Jung’s psychological types (contemporary of Sigmund Freud )

4. IT IS NOT A MEASURE OF:
INTELLIGENCE OR
PATHOLOGY

5. They’re simply different.
Personality preferences are not absolute:
people react differently to situational factors
Differences in preferences are not:
right or wrong, better or worse
They’re simply different.

6. WRITE YOUR NAME 1.

7. Four Preferences E I S N T F J P
Where do you process and gain energy? What kinds of data do you focus on? What is the basis of your decisions? What type of lifestyle do you prefer? E S T J I N F P

8. KEY ASSUMPTIONS Preferences are “inborn”
Environment enhances or impedes expression of your type
All of the types are equally valuable
Behaviorally you are all types, but have a “preference” toward one

9. WHY BOTHER? BE AWARE OF OTHERS’ DIFFERENCES INCREASE FLEXIBILITY
APPRECIATE VARYING STRENGTHS
WHY BOTHER?
BUILD COMPLEMENTARY TEAMS
USE OTHERS AS RESOURCES

10. Extraversion ||| Introversion
Where do you get your energy?
Other people & external experiences?
Inner resources & internal experiences?

11. I | E : Source of Energy INTROVERSION: EXTRAVERSION:
“I like to read a book”
Prefer reflection over action
Attuned to inner world
EXTRAVERSION:
“I like to talk to people”
Prefer action over reflection
Attuned to external environments

12. I | E : Source of Energy I E Communication style: -writing/email
Learning style:
-mental practice and reflection
Work style:
-alone or in pairs
Private and contained E
Communication style: -talking
Learning style:
-doing and discussing with others
Work style:
-prefer groups
Sociable and expressive

13. FREQUENT INTERRUPTIONS
WHICH IS HARDER?
NO INTERRUPTIONS or
FREQUENT INTERRUPTIONS

14. Extraversion Introversion
% of participants
N = 16
Based on research compiled by the Center for Creative Leadership

15. What kind of data do you pay attention to?
Sensing ||| iNtuition
What kind of data do you pay attention to?
Hard data
Gut feeling

16. N | S : Taking in Information
INTUITION:
“I like to imagine possibilities”
Emphasize the theoretical
Prefer high level/general concepts
Value imagination
Oriented toward future possibilities
SENSING:
“I like to learn the facts”
Emphasize the pragmatic
Prefer facts & details
Specificity helps
Value realism
Oriented to present realities

17. N | S : Taking in Information
See trends and patterns in data
Use a “sixth sense” or gut feeling
Follow hunches
Quick conclusions
Trust inspiration S
Observe and remember through 5 senses
Build carefully and thoroughly to decisions
Slow but thoughtful
Trust experiences

18. NO SENSE OF PRESENT REALITY
WHICH IS HARDER?
NO SENSE OF PRESENT REALITY OR
NO SENSE OF FUTURE POSSIBILITIES

19. Sensing iNtuition % of participants N = 16
Based on research compiled by the Center for Creative Leadership

20. Feeling ||| Thinking How do you make decisions?
Values or beliefs based
Objective evaluation

21. T | F : Decision Making THINKING: FEELING:
“I like to decide logically”
Analytical
Use cause-and-effect reasoning
Solve problems with logic and data
FEELING:
“I like to consider people”
Empathetic
Guided by personal values
Assess impact of decisions on people

22. T | F : Decision Making T F Strive for objective standard of truth
Described as reasonable
Search for flaws in an argument
Fairness: everyone treated equally F
Strive for harmony and positive interactions
Described as compassionate
Search for point of agreement in an argument
Fairness: everyone treated as an individual

23. WORKING IN AN ENVIRONMENT THAT LACKS LOGIC
WHICH IS HARDER?
WORKING IN AN ENVIRONMENT THAT LACKS LOGIC OR
THAT LACKS HARMONY

24. Thinking Feeling % of participants N = 16
Based on research compiled by the Center for Creative Leadership

25. Judging ||| Perceiving
How are you oriented to the world?
In a planned, orderly way, wanting to regulate and control life
In a flexible, spontaneous way, seeking to experience and understand life

26. J | P : Decision Making JUDGING: PERCEIVING:
“I like to organize my schedule”
Scheduled/organized
Finish one project before starting another
Like to have things decided
PERCEIVING:
“I like to adapt to change as it comes”
Spontaneous/flexible
Start many projects, but have trouble finishing
Like things loose and open to change

27. J | P : Decision Making J P Try to avoid last minute stresses
Finish tasks well before the deadline
Try to limit surprises
See routine as effective P
Feel energized by last minute pressures
Finish tasks at the deadline
Enjoy surprises
See routines as limiting

28. WHICH IS HARDER?
WINGING IT OR
ADHERING TO A SCHEDULE

29. Judging Perceiving % of participants N = 16
Based on research compiled by the Center for Creative Leadership

30. TYPES IN SOCIETY ISTJ 11.6% ISFJ 3.8% INFJ 1.5% INTJ 2.1%
ISTP 5.4% ISFP 8.8% INFP 4.3% INTP 3.3%
ESTP 4.3% ESFP 8.5% ENFP 8.1% ENTP 3.2%
ESTJ 8.7% ESFJ 12.3% ENFJ ENTJ 1.8%

31. Predictions about teams (p. 1)
The more similar the types, the sooner the team members will understand each other
Groups with high similarity reach quicker decisions, but make more errors
Leadership roles may shift as the tasks to be done require the skills of different types

32. Predictions about teams (p. 2)
Team members who are opposite on all four preferences may have difficulty achieving understanding
The person who is the only representative of a preference may be seen as different
Teams that come to appreciate and use differences have less conflict

33. We need to create work environments where we as leaders:
KNOW OURSELVES
RELY ON EACH OTHER TO BUILD A TEAM
MANAGE UNDER-DEVELOPED TRAITS
EXPAND OURSELVES
LEAD WITH OUR STRENGTHS

34. FOR EACH ACTIVITY:
PREPARE A BRIEF REPORT
2. SELECT A SPEAKER

35. E | I : Extraversion & Introversion
Take five minutes for each of these:
What work environment allows you to be most effective?
Prepare two questions for the other group, to enhance your understanding.

36. S | N : Sensing & Intuition
Take five minutes to:
Write down several words or phrases that describe the picture.

37. T | F : Thinking & Feeling
Take ten minutes to discuss:
How do you want to be appreciated or recognized?
What do you want to be appreciated or recognized for?
What happens when you don’t get appreciation or recognition in your preferred way?

38. J | P : Judging & Perceiving
Take ten minutes to: Plan an end of summer vacation before you return to school.

39. Share a learning or a take-away
How will you use what you learned?