1. Kennedy’s Administration
EQ: What major events took place during the Kennedy administration?

2. Television Debate

3. Appearance vs. Substance

4. Election of 1960 Democrat – John F. Kennedy Republican – Richard Nixon
Kennedy won by less than 119,000 votes.

5. Inauguration Speech
“Ask not what your country can do for you…Ask what you can do for your country”

6. “Camelot” The Kennedy Mystique Online Discussion:
Research online the Kennedy Administration and the Obama Administration, particularly how the media covered/covers their family life. Provide at least 1 similarity and 1difference between how the media portrayed the Kennedy family to how today’s media portrays the Obama family.
Also, in your opinion, does the media go overboard in covering the white house families?

7. Aura of confidence A President people could believe in
“…Our faith in him and in what he was trying to do was absolute, and he could impart to our work together a sense of challenge and adventure-a feeling that he was moving, and the world with him, toward a better time.”
Pierre Salinger, Press Secretary

8. Kennedy and the Cold War
Kennedy: the Pragmatist
Less of Ike’s “brinkmanship” and more “flexible response” – more options during international crises
Flexible Response: broader range of options in military situations that do NOT involve nuclear weapons
EX: Special Forces

9. Cont… Non-military options to prevent Communist expansion
A “helping hand”
Peace Corps

10. Bay of Pigs Crisis

11. Intention
Train and fund Cuban rebels in order to have THEM overthrow Castro
U.S. is again, playing a chess match against the Soviets.

12. The Bay of Pigs CIA trained 1,400 Cuban Exiles
Kennedy cancelled air support
Cubans did not rise up in support of exiles
1,200 captured/100 killed
Castro personally led defense of island

14. The Berlin Crisis
Bay of Pigs failure convinced Khruschev that Kennedy was weak
Soviets issued an ultimatum: The West must recognize the sovereignty of Communist East Germany and remove all troops from West Berlin
Kennedy refused – Soviets create a barrier

15. The Berlin Wall

16. The Cuban Missile Crisis
Castro wanted to defend against another invasion
Soviets sent weapons…and Nuclear weapons
CIA was monitoring Cuba…U2 spy plane photographed missile launching pads
October 14th – missiles photographed

17. U2 Spy Plane

18. Spy plane photo

19. San Cristobal

20. Cont… October 22nd – Kennedy’s orders Khrushchev’s response
Naval blockade “quarantine” of Cuba
Demanded the Soviets removed the missiles
Khrushchev’s response
Challenged the blockade
Arm the missiles
U.S. armed B-52’s with nuclear weapons
U.S. fired a flare warning shot at a Soviet ship!

21. Sudden and relieving end
October 24th
Soviet ships stop short of the blockade
October 28th
Khrushchev agreed to dismantle the missiles
Kennedy promised not to invade Cuba
Secretly agreed to remove missiles from other sites
A sobering event for both the U.S. and Soviets

22. Aftermath of the crisis
Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
End testing bombs in the atmosphere and under water
A “hot line” set up between the U.S. and Soviet Union so the two leaders could communicate directly

23. “New Frontier” Cabinet with young, well educated men
Government should offer solutions to national and global problems

24. New Frontier cont…

25. “New Frontier” Goals Increased government spending Keep inflation down
Defense and Space programs top priority
Directly related to Cold War fears
1961 Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin completed the first orbital space flight
Keep inflation down
Medical care for elderly
Aid education

26. “New Frontier” cont… Keep inflation down
Businesses had been giving out higher wages, and paying for it by raising prices
Kennedy urged businesses to limit prices; workers to accept few pay raises

27. “New Frontier” cont… Women’s rights Equal Pay Act in June of 1963
Illegal for employers to pay female workers less than male workers for the same job
Other programs
Increase aid to education
Provide health insurance to the elderly
Create Dept. of Urban Affairs
Help Migrant Workers

28. “New Frontier” cont… Conservative Republicans
Southern Democrats opposed to Civil Rights
He had trouble passing his initiatives

29. Space Program
The nation should commit itself to getting a man on the moon and returning him home safely by the end of the decade.

30. Southern Democrats controlled Congress
Kennedy’s Critics
Southern Democrats controlled Congress

31. A “Marshall Plan” for Latin America?
Poverty and corruption in Latin America
Kennedy wants to thwart communist expansion in Latin America
Alliance for Progress
$20 billion aid for better schools, housing and health care
Designed to counter leftist movements
Chile, Colombia, Venezuela, and Central America benefited

32. “Alliance for Progress”

33. Results of the Alliance for Progress
Money did not leave the hands of powerful and corrupt leaders.
In most cases it was NOT successful in achieving the intended goals

34. Tragedy in Dallas November 1963 On parade in Dallas, Kennedy was shot
Lee Harvey Oswald was the suspect, but then he was killed by Jack Ruby
Warren Commission
No Conspiracy
Oswald and Ruby acted alone

35. A Nation Grieves

36. Lyndon Johnson and the Great Society
Essential Questions:
- What was the Great Society?
- What were the highlights and problems of the Johnson Administration?

37. War on Poverty War on Poverty Office of Economic Opportunity
Response to report that 42million Americans lived in poverty
Office of Economic Opportunity
Created to coordinate a series of antipoverty programs

38. The Great Society Johnson is re-elected in 1964.
His presidential plan:
The Great Society
An end to poverty
An end to racial injustice
All children to be educated
“People should care more about quality of their goals rather than quantity”

39. Great Society Programs
Medicare
National health insurance for people over 65.
Medicaid
Free health care to the needy

40. Cont… Education Elementary and Secondary School Education Act
1.3 billion in aid to schools

41. Cont… Urban renewal Omnibus Housing Act
Housing and Urban Development Act
Billions of dollars to renew homes and help low income families

42. Warren Court Supreme Court during the 60’s Chief Justice Earl Warren
Sought to define and extend individual rights and freedoms

43. Foreign Policy
Escalation in Vietnam
More coming in next chapter!