1. Chapter 4: Atomic Structure Chapter 6: The Periodic Table
Organizing and Classifying the Elements
Distinguishing Among Atoms

2. Read then label Read through 4.2 and 4.3 aloud in groups Noble Gases
Metalloids (Po instead of At)
Trend for valence electrons
Trend for atomic size
Using information from 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3, designate the following groups on your periodic table:
7 diatomic molecules
Trend for ion size
Trend for electronegativity
s sublevel
Trend for electron affinity
Metals and Non-metals
p sublevel
Alkali Metals
d sublevel
Alkaline Earth Metals
F sublevel
Transition Metals
Energy levels (levels shift in transition metals)
Halogens

3. Learning Targets
You will identify the components of the periodic table.
You will recognize the parts of the atom, where they reside in the atom, and the relevance of each subatomic particle.
You will identify isotopes, how to write them and how to determine average atomic mass.

4. View the picture on page 100 and 101, then read the CHEMystery
What information does this picture tell you about the sample?
What can you infer about the sample from this image?
How could you determine what your hand looks like under the skin without dissecting it?
Do you have an electronic item in your home that uses a CRT?
You will recognize the parts of the atom, where they reside in the atom, and the relevance of each subatomic particle.

5. Introduction to the periodic table
Groups or families – Columns on the periodic table (run up and down)
Numbered 1-8 or 1-18
Have similar characteristics
Periods – Run left to right on the periodic- table (think of how a sentence looks and remember a period ends a sentence)
Numbered 1-7
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

6. You will identify the components of the periodic table.
What you see …
Be sure to round the molar mass to the nearest .01
Symbols:
Oxygen-O
1st letter ALWAYS capitalized and the other letter(s) lower case
Carbon-C
Neon-Ne
Zinc-Zn
Come from element name or derived from Greek, Latin or German words
Gold-Au (aurum)
Lead-Pb (plumbum)
Sodium-Na (natrium)
Iron-Fe (ferrum)
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

7. You will identify the components of the periodic table.
Metals and Nonmetals
Draw a staircase line (around B, Si, As, Te, At)
Left of the staircase (EXCEPT HYDROGEN) – metals
Right of the staircase (INCLUDING HYDROGEN) – nonmetals
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

8. You will identify the components of the periodic table.
Alkali Metals
Alkali Metals (excluding hydrogen) – 1st column
Group 1
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

9. You will identify the components of the periodic table.
Alkaline Earth Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals – 2nd column
Group 2
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

10. You will identify the components of the periodic table.
Transition Metals
Transition Metals – In the middle of the periodic table…Groups 3-12
Lanthanide and Actinide Series fit in transition metals
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

11. You will identify the components of the periodic table.
Halogens
Halogens – 2nd column from the right
Group 7 or 17
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

12. You will identify the components of the periodic table.
Noble Gases
Noble Gases – last column
Group 8 or 18
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

13. Metalloids or Semi-metals
Metalloids or Semi-metals – 7 elements bordering the “stair-step” line except aluminum (Al) and astatine (At)
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

14. You will identify the components of the periodic table.
Diatomic molecules
Forms a 7
Naturally occur as homonuclear in their gaseous state
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

15. You will identify the components of the periodic table.
s sublevel
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

16. You will identify the components of the periodic table.
p sublevel
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

17. You will identify the components of the periodic table.
d sublevel
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

18. You will identify the components of the periodic table.
f sublevel
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

19. You will identify the components of the periodic table.
Energy Levels
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

20. You will identify the components of the periodic table.
Valence Electrons
Electrons in the outermost (highest) principal energy level of an atom.
Important because of atom bonding
# of valence electrons corresponds to the group number 1-8 (except He).
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

21. Atomic Size (also radii or radius)
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

22. You will identify the components of the periodic table.
Ionic radii
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

23. You will identify the components of the periodic table.
Electronegativity
Measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons
Fluorine is the most electronegative atom
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

24. You will identify the components of the periodic table.
Electron Affinity
Neutral atom's likelihood of gaining an electron
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

25. You will identify the components of the periodic table.
Ionization Energy
Energy required to remove an electron from an individual atom in the gas phase
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

26. Symbols to be familiar with:
The atom
Symbols to be familiar with: p+ n0 e-
Atoms always neutral
Neutral = Same # of protons and electrons
You will recognize the parts of the atom, where they reside in the atom, and the relevance of each subatomic particle.

27. Atom Symbol
You will recognize the parts of the atom, where they reside in the atom, and the relevance of each subatomic particle.
You will identify isotopes, how to write them and how to determine average atomic mass.

28. Isotopes
Atoms that have the same number of protons, different number of neutrons
Often represented as:
element name – mass #
(Example: lithium – 6)
You will identify isotopes, how to write them and how to determine average atomic mass.

29. The cesium atom with a mass number of 132
Practice
Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom symbolized by Hg
80 protons, 121 neutrons and 80 electrons
Give the symbol to represent the following information:
The cesium atom with a mass number of 132 Cs
You will identify isotopes, how to write them and how to determine average atomic mass.

30. The iron atom with a mass number of 56
Try on your own
Strontium-90 occurs in fallout from nuclear testing. It can accumulate in bone marrow and may cause leukemia and bone cancer.
38 90 Sr
Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom symbolized by
38 protons, 52 neutrons and 38 electrons
Give the symbol to represent the following information:
The iron atom with a mass number of 56
26 56 Fe
You will identify isotopes, how to write them and how to determine average atomic mass.

31. Ions

32. You will identify the components of the periodic table.
Ionic Charges
You will identify the components of the periodic table.

33. Example
A. 27 p+, 25 e- B. 27 p+, 24 e-
C. 17 p+, 18 e- D. 19 p+, 18 e-
E. 16 p+, 18 e- F. 38 p+, 36 e-
G. 13 p+, 10 e- H. 15 p+, 18 e-
For each of the following ions, indicate the total number of protons and electrons in the ion.
A. Co2+ E. S2-
B. Co3+ F. Sr2+
C. Cl- G. Al3+
D. K+ H. P3-

34. Average atomic mass
You will identify isotopes, how to write them and how to determine average atomic mass.

35. Example
An element consists of 90.51% of an isotope with a mass of amu, 0.27% of an isotope with a mass of amu and 9.22% of an isotope with a mass of amu. Calculate the average atomic mass and identify the element.
You will identify isotopes, how to write them and how to determine average atomic mass.

36. Example
Change each percent to decimal form
90.51%  .9051
0.27% 
9.22% 
Multiply each decimal number and its respective mass for each pair of numbers given.
90.51%  x amu
0.27%  x amu
9.22%  x amu
Add the multiplied numbers together, round off to significant digits
(.9051 x amu = )
+ (.0027 x amu = )
+ (.0922 x amu = )
ELEMENT?
You will identify isotopes, how to write them and how to determine average atomic mass.

37. Calculate the average atomic mass of Mg.
Try on your own
The element magnesium has three stable isotopes with the following masses and abundances:
Isotopes Mass (amu) Abundance
Mg %
Mg %
Mg %
Calculate the average atomic mass of Mg.
rounds to
Can compare with mass on periodic table to make sure correct.
You will identify isotopes, how to write them and how to determine average atomic mass.