1. The Lodore Falls Hotel, Borrowdale
Carbon fusion
OCO-GOSAT Workshop
The Lodore Falls Hotel, Borrowdale

2. Objectives of Meeting The intention of this workshop is to:
critically assess how the UK can contribute to the international OCO and GOSAT missions
establish a coherent UK programme in support of these missions

3. Outcomes of Meeting
White paper that outlines recommendations to NERC/NCEO on the science that the UK community can reasonably contribute and deliver to the OCO and GOSAT programmes
(anticipated) across discipline collaborative links for research proposal/projects.

4. Carbon Cycle: “Missing” Temporal & Spatial Scale Filled by Satellite data
GOSAT and OCO hr
day
year
century
Temporal
Background Monitoring Network
Satellite
Column
Flux Tower
PBL
observation
Chamber
1km
10m
100km
Global
Spatial

5. OCO and GOSAT

6. Workflow for interpretation of OCO (GOSAT) data
Global C fluxes
OCO XCO2
Science
questions
Top-down modelling machinery
MODIS
Biomass burning
Validation
OCO vs
Models
Flasks/aircraft
Ground XCO2
Assimilation
Flux analysis
Fossil fuels
Model XCO2
Fire
Terrestrial biosphere
Ocean fluxes
Scale?
Cal/Val: data consistency??
Model
intercomparison
Atmos.
transport
Error/bias
characterisation
Bottom-up modelling
CarbonFusion

7. SCIA, MOPITT, AIRS, etc

8. SCIA, MOPITT, AIRS, etc

9. SCIA, MOPITT, AIRS, etc

10. Meeting structure Morning Day 1 09.00 Setting the scene
- Carbon fusion, NCEO
Data
-SCIAMACHY
-OCO
-Cal/Val
Surface flux models
Transport modelling
Analysis Schemes
Afternoon Day 1
15.00/15.30 Discussion
1) What’s funded, what’s not and needs to be?
2) Priorities for in terms of UK, NCEO
19.00 Dinner
Morning Day 2
09.00 Outstanding issues Day 1.
12.30 Meeting adjourned; Lunch

11. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO)
“First global space-based measurements of CO2 with the precision and spatial resolution needed to quantify carbon sources and sinks”
Launch in 2008
2-year mission
Why high spectral resolution? Lines must be resolved from the continuum to minimize systematic errors
CO m band is well suited for retrieving CO2 column abundances
CO m band CO2, cloud, aerosol, water vapor, temperature
O2 A-band constrains clouds, aerosols, and surface pressure
Spectroscopic observations of CO2 (1.61 m and 2.06 m) and O2 (0.765 m) to estimate the column integrated CO2 dry air mole fraction,
XCO2 = x (column CO2) / (column O2)
Precisions of 1 ppm on regional scales
Global coverage in 16 days (nadir 1x1.5 km footprint)
JPL-based instrument: PI D. Crisp; Deputy PI: C. Miller (Crisp et al, 2004)

12. Monitoring CO2 from Space
High resolution (λ/Δλ=17.5k-21k) spectra of reflected sunlight in near IR:
CO m and 2.06 m bands
O m A-band
Retrieval of column average CO2 dry air mole fraction, XCO2 with BL sensitivity
(Also need Ps, albedo, T, water vapour, clouds, and aerosols, provided by OCO)
~0.3% (1ppm) precision
Nadir Mode
Target
Mode
Glint Mode
Why high spectral resolution? Lines must be resolved from the continuum to minimize systematic errors
CO m band is well suited for retrieving CO2 column abundances
CO m band CO2, cloud, aerosol, water vapor, temperature
O2 A-band constrains clouds, aerosols, and surface pressure
OCO samples at high spatial resolution Nadir mode: 1 km x 1.5 km footprint Isolates cloud-free scenes
Thousand of samples on regional scales
Glint Mode: High SNR over oceans
Target modes: Calibration

13. Assessing OCO Performance with OSSEs
CO2 fluxes
XCO2 map
Retrieval
End-to-end retrievals of XCO2 from individual simulated nadir soundings at SZAs of 35o and 75o. The simulations include sub-visual cirrus clouds (0.02c 0.05), light to moderate aerosol loadings (0.05a 0.15), over ocean and land surfaces.
INSET: Distribution of XCO2 errors (ppm) for each case
XCO2 along OCO orbits
CO2, O2 spectral radiances
Kuang et al, 2002
(250 Gb/day)

14. Spectral Coverage

15. Sun Glint Pointing Mode
Operation
Solar Irradiance Cal.
FTS SWIR & TIR
CA-imager
Lunar Cal
Solar Flux
FTS TIR
Observation Mode
Sun Glint Pointing Mode

16. Foot prints 5 cross track patters 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
GPS
5 cross track patters
1, 3, 5, 7, 9
points/cross track scan
GPS receiver
GOSAT
Star Tracker
Pointing
Mechanism
88 – 800 km
Satellite Direction
(along track)
Cross track