1. Simple Present TEnse Generally, simple present is used for:
General Fact
Daily Activity
Statement or Opinion
Simple present tense always uses simple verb form in each of its sentences. When we form simple present tense sentence without a verb, we have to use ‘be’ (such as: is, am, are)
[DWS] Basic Tenses

2. How are the patterns? With verb Note:
Whenever we use singular subject, we have to add –s/-es to the verb. And singular subject also took the form does/doesn’t. +
S + V1 (s/es) + O + C -
S + don’t / doesn’t + V1 + O + C ?
Do/Does + S + V1 + O + C ?
[DWS] Basic Tenses

3. How are the patterns? Without Verb Notes: Am  I
Is  He, she, it, singular subject
Are  You, they, we, plural subject +
S + is/am/are+ O + C -
S + is/am/are + not + O + C ?
Is/am/are + S + O + C ?
[DWS] Basic Tenses

4. USE THE RIGHT FORM OF VERB AND BE
Water at. 100•C. ( boil)
My uncle in a factory. (work)
John and Sue glasses. (wear)
The children a lot of sweets. (eat)
He only at weekends. (work)
1 always out on Saturdays. (go)
She to London once a week. (drive)
[DWS] Basic Tenses

5. Present progressive (Continuous)
The present progresive expresses an activity that is in progress at the moment of speaking. It began in the recent past, is continuing at the present, and will probably end at some point in the future.
It is also used in expressing the activities that are in progress this week, month, year.
[DWS] Basic Tenses

6. The pattern Examples: The president is attending the meeting right now
Clara is trying to improve her speaking skills.
He is writing another book this year. +
S + auxialiary (is/am/are) + V-ing + O + C -
S + (is/am/are) + not + V-ing + O + C ?
Auxialiary(is/am/are) + S + V-ing + O + C ?
[DWS] Basic Tenses

7. SIMPlE Past Tense
Simple past indicates that an activity or situation began and ended at a particular time in the past.
The patterns are: +
S + V2 + O + C
S + was/were + O + C -
S + didn’t + V1 + O + C
S + was/were + not + O + C ?
Did + S + V1 + O + C ?
Was/were + S + O + C ?
[DWS] Basic Tenses

8. Past Progressive Tense
Patterns: +
S + was/were + V-ing + O + C -
S + was/were + not + V-ing + O + C ?
Was/were + S + V-ing + O + C ?
[DWS] S & V Agreement

9. The past progresive is used to indicate:
An action which was occuring in the past and was interupted by another action, the general rule is:
WHEN + Simple Past Tense, Past Progressive
When John called me, I was taking a shower.
Simple Past Tense WHILE Past Progressive
Jon called me while I was taking a shower.
[DWS] S & V Agreement

10. Exercise
While Maria (clean) the apartment, her husband slept.
When the teacher (enter) the room, the students were talking.
We (see) this movie last night.
Jose (write) a letter to his family when his pencil (break)
[DWS] S & V Agreement

11. Exercise
What _____ she _____ (wear) when you _____ (see) her? Her favourite top, I think.
They _____ (get) up early that morning so they _____ (go) for a swim.
The car _____ (crash) against the wall and a lot of people _____ (come) round.
[DWS] S & V Agreement

12. Exercise
_____ it _____ (rain) when you left for school? Yes, it _____, quite heavily.
It _____ (be) a quiet morning: the birds _____ (sing) in the trees and the cows _____ (eat). We _____ (walk) happily when a terrible storm _____ (start) 100 ms away from us. The wind _____ (blow)a big tree down and a black cloud ___ (appear) in the sky.
[DWS] S & V Agreement

13. Present perfect tense + S + Have/has +V3/been + O + C -
Pattern: +
S + Have/has +V3/been + O + C -
S + Have/has + not +V3/been + O + C ?
Have/has + S +V3/been + O + C ?
[DWS] Basic Tenses

14. Present perfect tense is used to indicate:
An action that happened at an indefinite time in the past.
Brian has traveled around the world.
Sam and Jill have been here.
An action that happened more than once in the past.
I have seen this movie three times.
[DWS] Basic Tenses

15. Present perfect tense is used to indicate:
An action that began in the past and still occuring in the present.
Joana has lived in the same house for six years.
They have moved to bekasi since 2010.
Note: In this case, we usually use for or since.
For + duration of time
Since + beginning of time
[DWS] Basic Tenses

16. FUTURE tense
Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. Will expresses a voluntary action and promise. Be going to expresses a plan.
[DWS] Basic Tenses

17. FUTURE tense + S + Will/shall + V1 + O + C -
Pattern: +
S + Will/shall + V1 + O + C -
S + Will/shall+ not +V1 + O + C ?
Will/shall + S +V1 + O + C ?
[DWS] Basic Tenses

18. FUTURE tense + S + be going to + V1 + O + C -
Pattern: +
S + be going to + V1 + O + C -
S + be+ not + going to +V1 + O + C ?
be + S + going to +V1 + O + C ?
[DWS] Basic Tenses

19. Exercise Are you sure they _____ (win) the match?
I hope the weather _____ (be) nice.
They _____ (play) cards this evening.
I offered him this job. I think he _____ (take) it.
[DWS] S & V Agreement

20. Exercise I promise I _____ (not tell) your secret to anyone.
They ______ (fly) to Seattle next summer holidays.
She ______ probably _____ (stay) till Thursday.
[DWS] S & V Agreement

21. SOUrces:
(2004). TOEFL Exam Essentials. New York: Learning Express Azar, Betty Schramfer. (1993). Fundamentals of English Grammar,SecondEdition. Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara. Azar, Betty Schramfer. (1993). Understanding and Using English Grammar, Second Edition. Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara. Pyle, Michael A and Page, Narry Ellen Munoz. (1995). Cliff TOEFL Preparation Guide. Nebraska: John Wiley and Sons.
[DWS] Basic Tenses