1. Splash Screen

2. Section 2: The Neolithic Revolution Visual Summary
Chapter Introduction
Section 1: Early Humans
Section 2: The Neolithic Revolution
Visual Summary
Chapter Menu

3. What is civilization?
These cave paintings in Lascaux, France, illustrate the animals early people hunted 17,000 years ago during the Ice Age. Images like these give us glimpses into the life of early humans. In this chapter, you will learn how humans gradually shifted from temporary to permanent settlements and began establishing civilizations.
• How do you think the first humans got their food?
• How would you define civilization?
Chapter Intro

4. Chapter Intro

5. Chapter Intro

6. Early Humans
What important developments took place in the Paleolithic Age?
Chapter Intro 1

7. The Neolithic Revolution and the Rise of Civilization
How does agriculture affect our society?
Chapter Intro 2

8. Chapter Preview-End

9. The BIG Idea
Physical Geography Human life developed in different stages over millions of years, and by 10,000 B.C., Homo sapiens sapiens had spread throughout the world.
Section 1-Main Idea

10. Content Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary prehistory archaeology artifact
anthropology
fossil
hominid
Australopithecus
Homo sapiens sapiens
“out-of-Africa” theory
Academic Vocabulary
theory
survive
Section 1-Key Terms

11. People and Places
Olduvai Gorge
Paleolithic Age
Section 1-Key Terms

12. Section 1-Polling Question
Do you agree that we have more to learn about our society by understanding early humans?
A. Yes
B. No A B
Section 1-Polling Question

13. Before History
Scientists use fossils and artifacts as clues to how early humans lived.
Section 1

14. Before History (cont.)
Prehistory is the time before writing was developed.
Archaeology is the study of past societies through the analysis of artifacts such as tools, weapons, art, buildings.
Anthropology is the study of human life and culture.
Anthropologists use artifacts and fossils to create a picture of peoples’ everyday lives.
Section 1

15. Before History (cont.) Methods of dating fossils and artifacts:
Radiocarbon dating
Thermo-luminescence
Microscopic and biological analysis
Archaeological Finds
Section 1

16. On which of the following fossils would radiocarbon dating be useful?
A. Dinosaurs
B. Humans
C. Tools
D. Rocks A B C D
Section 1

17. Early Development
Using remains and technology, scientists identify important stages in human development.
Section 1

18. Early Development (cont.)
Hominids are the earliest humanlike creatures that first appeared in Africa four million years ago and slowly changed over time.
Skeletal remains were found by Louis and Mary Leakey at Olduvai Gorge in 1959.
Section 1

19. Early Development (cont.)
Types of early hominids:
Australopithecus:
“southern ape”
one example was named "Lucy"
approximately 3.5 million years old
Section 1

20. Early Development (cont.)
Homo habilis:
“handy human”
lived 2.5 to 1.6 million years ago
larger brain
may have used stone tools
Section 1

21. Early Development (cont.)
Homo erectus:
“upright human”
lived 1.8 million to 100,000 years ago
first hominid to have arms and legs in modern human proportion
probably the first to leave Africa
Section 1

22. Early Development (cont.)
Homo sapiens:
“wise human”
lived around 100,000 to 200,000 years ago
rapid brain growth
mastered fire
Section 1

23. Early Development (cont.)
Neanderthals
descended from Homo sapiens
lived around 100,000 years ago to 30,000 years ago
made clothes from animal skins and buried their dead
Section 1

24. Early Development (cont.)
Homo sapiens sapiens:
“wise, wise human”
also descended from Homo sapiens
appeared in Africa between 150,000 and 200,000 years ago
first to have modern anatomy
Section 1

25. Early Development (cont.)
spread around the globe around 100,000 years ago in search of food and hunting grounds, replacing populations in Europe and Asia (“out-of-Africa” theory)
all human life belongs to this subgroup of human beings
Section 1

26. Which of the following groups of hominids are ordered from those that developed the earliest to those that developed the most recently?
A. Neanderthal, Homo sapiens, Homo habilis, Homo erectus
B. Homo habilis, Homo sapiens, Neanderthal, Homo erectus
C. Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens, Neanderthal
D. Homo habilis, Neanderthal, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens A B C D
Section 1

27. The Paleolithic Age
Early humans used fire, made tools, and adapted to survive.
Section 1

28. The Paleolithic Age (cont.)
The Paleolithic Age refers to the early period of history when humans used stone tools.
Paleolithic people were hunter-gatherers who lived a nomadic lifestyle. They made tools, clothing, shelter, and fire.
The roles of men and women were probably considered equal due to the division of labor.
Section 1

29. The Paleolithic Age (cont.)
The ability to start fire helped Paleolithic humans spread farther around the globe including to colder climates.
Art found in caves around the world shows its importance to early humans.
Chauvet Cave
Section 1

30. Which was not a way humans used fire in the Paleolithic Age? A. Warmth
B. Light
C. Cooking
D. Clothing and shelter A B C D
Section 1

31. Section 1-End

32. The BIG Idea
Ideas, Beliefs, and Values Systematic agriculture brought huge economic, political, and social changes for early humans.
Section 2-Main Idea

33. Content Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary systematic agriculture
domestication
artisan
culture
civilization
monarch
priest
Academic Vocabulary
revolution
role
Section 2-Key Terms

34. People and Places Neolithic Revolution Mesoamericans Çatalhüyük
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Section 2-Key Terms

35. Section 2-Polling Question
Do you agree that the Neolithic Revolution was a revolutionary change?
A. Yes
B. No A B
Section 2-Polling Question

36. The Neolithic Revolution
Civilization developed from the agricultural revolution of the Neolithic Age.
Section 2

37. The Neolithic Revolution (cont.)
The Neolithic Revolution was marked by the shift from hunting of animals and gathering of food to systematic agriculture.
During the Neolithic Age (8000 to 4000 B.C.) humans began planting crops. The domestication of animals also occurred during this period.
Number of Farms in the U.S., 1940–2004
Section 2

38. The Neolithic Revolution (cont.)
Spread of agriculture around the world:
8000 B.C.: People in Southwest Asia grew wheat and barley and domesticated pigs, cows, goats, and sheep.
7000 B.C.: Mesoamericans in the Western Hemisphere grew beans, squash, and maize. They domesticated dogs and fowl.
Spread of Farming
Section 2

39. The Neolithic Revolution (cont.)
6000 B.C.: In Africa, people grew wheat, barley, yams, and bananas.
5000 B.C.: In China, farmers grew rice and domesticated dogs and pigs.
As a result of a steady food supply, Neolithic people began living in settled communities, called Neolithic farming villages.
Section 2

40. The Neolithic Revolution (cont.)
In Çatalhüyük, people were able to enter other occupations other than farming. Skilled workers, such as artisans, made weapons and jewelry and traded them with neighboring people.
Section 2

41. The Neolithic Revolution (cont.)
Effects of the Neolithic Revolution:
A surplus of food encouraged trade and the division of labor.
Skilled workers, such as artisans, began to emerge. They developed more refined tools, weapons, and farming techniques.
Section 2

42. The Neolithic Revolution (cont.)
Roles of men and women changed. When men’s jobs took them away from settlements, women stayed behind to raise children. Men began to play a more dominant role.
Villages developed into more complex and wealthy societies. To protect their wealth, they built armies and city walls. These farming villages led to the development of cities.
Section 2

43. The Neolithic Revolution (cont.)
Discovery of how to make metal tools brought an end to the Neolithic Age, which was followed by the Bronze Age and the Iron Age.
Section 2

44. B. Sickles and hoes for farming C. Flax and cotton for clothing
Which of the following would not have been found in Neolithic societies?
A. Weapons and jewelry
B. Sickles and hoes for farming
C. Flax and cotton for clothing
D. Bronze and iron tools A B C D
Section 2

45. Civilization Emerges
Some villages grew into cities and became early civilizations.
Section 2

46. Civilization Emerges (cont.)
A civilization is a complex culture in which large numbers of human beings who share a number of common elements live together.
Section 2

47. Civilization Emerges (cont.)
Common characteristics of the new civilizations:
Cities first developed in river valleys. Large-scale farming was needed to feed a large population.
Governments were developed to maintain the food supply, protect the population, and organize and regulate human activity. They were usually led by monarchs.
Section 2

48. Civilization Emerges (cont.)
Religions were developed to explain the forces of nature and their roles in the world. Priests supervised rituals and became very important people.
Social structures arose based on economic power. There were an upper class of rulers, priests, and warriors; a middle class of free people, farmers, and artisans; and a slave class.
Section 2

49. Civilization Emerges (cont.)
Writing was developed for record keeping and creative expression.
Significant architecture, paintings, and sculptures were seen in new civilizations.
Section 2

50. Which of the following is not a geographic area where the earliest civilizations developed?
A. Egypt
B. England
C. India
D. Mesopotamia A B C D
Section 2

51. Section 2-End

52. VS 1

53. VS 2

54. VS 3

55. VS-End

56. Figure 1

57. Figure 2

58. Figure 3

59. Figure 4

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61. Chapter Trans

62. Unit Timeline Trans

63. CnETrans

64. DFS Trans 1

65. DFS Trans 2

66. prehistory
the period before writing was developed
Vocab1

67. archaeology
the study of past societies through an analysis of the items people left behind them
Vocab2

68. artifact
tools, pottery, paintings, weapons, buildings, and household items left behind by early people
Vocab3

69. anthropology
the study of human life and culture based on artifacts and human fossils
Vocab4

70. fossil
a remnant or impression of an organism from a past geologic age that has been preserved in the earth’s crust
Vocab5

71. hominid
humans and other humanlike creatures that walk upright
Vocab6

72. Australopithecus
the earliest humanlike creature that flourished in eastern and southern Africa 3 to 4 million years ago
Vocab7

73. Homo sapiens sapiens
“wise, wise human,” a species that appeared in Africa between 150,000 and 200,000 years ago; they were the first anatomically modern humans
Vocab8

74. “out-of-Africa” theory
also called the replacement theory; this theory refers to when homo sapiens sapiens began spreading out of Africa to other parts of the world about 100,000 years ago and replacing populations of earlier hominids in Europe and Asia
Vocab9

75. theory
hypothesis or unproved assumption
Vocab10

76. survive
to remain alive or in existence
Vocab11

77. systematic agriculture
the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis
Vocab12

78. domestication
adaptation for human use
Vocab13

79. artisan
a skilled worker who makes products such as weapons and jewelry
Vocab14

80. culture
the way of life a people follows
Vocab15

81. civilization
a complex culture in which large numbers of people share a number of common elements such as social structure, religion, and art
Vocab16

82. monarch
a king or queen who rules a kingdom by organizing armies to protect their populations and making laws to regulate subjects’ lives
Vocab17

83. priest
in early urban civilizations, an important and powerful person who supervised rituals aimed at pleasing the gods and goddesses
Vocab18

84. revolution a sudden, complete change; an overthrow of government
Vocab19

85. role
a socially expected behavior pattern
Vocab20

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