1. BIOL Lab 10

2. Objective 1 Organs of the Urinary System
(2) Kidneys which manufacture urine
(2) Ureters which transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
(1) Urinary bladder that stores urine prior to micturition (elimination)
(1) Urethra that carries urine to the surface of the body

3. Objective 2 Kidney Anatomy
The retroperitoneal kidneys are covered with three layers of connective tissue:
1. Renal Fascia (Outer) Adipose Capsule Renal Capsule (Inner)

4. Renal (fibrous) Capsule:
inner layer; thin, transparent, dense irregular connective tissue covering which provides a strong barrier preventing the spread of infections to the kidney; has a minor role in protecting the kidney from physical trauma

5. Internally, the kidney is divided into a:
Cortex: outer, granular appearing tissue
Medulla: inner region made of renal pyramids
Renal Pelvis: adjacent to the renal hilus

6. The Renal Capsule of a Human Kidney

7. Renal Columns: extensions of cortical tissue that lie between pyramids
Renal papillae: tips of pyramids
Major Calyx: portion of the urine collection system that drains several minor calyces
Minor Calyx: portion of the urine collection system that drains one pyramid

9.                               
Renal Hilus:
Area where the renal artery, renal vein, ureter and nerves attach to the kidney

10. The Renal Artery and Its Branches
Blood Supply
The Renal Artery and Its Branches

11. Circulation to Nephrons

13. Objective Nephrons
Nephron; the functional unit of the kidney; it is a microscopic tubular structure that filters the blood and manufactures urine there are over 1 million nephrons per kidney

14. A Simplified View of A Nephron

15. Renal Corpuscle - Microscopic View

16. Glomeruli and Collecting Ducts

17. Collecting Duct and Brush Border

18. Classes of Nephrons
Cortical: almost entirely located in the cortex; represent about % of all nephrons; they produce urine
Juxtamedullary located close to the cortical.medullary junction; the loops of Henle dip deeply into the pyramids of the medulla; they represent 15-25% of all nephrons; these nephrons make urine too but, additionally, they are important in the conservation of water

19. Cortex – Injected Vasculature

20. Arcuate Artery and Vein – Cross Section

21. Ureters/Urinary Bladder/Urethra

25. Objective Cat Anatomy
Female

26. Kidney, Ureter and Urinary Bladder

27. 1. Renal Capsule 2. Renal Cortex 3. Renal Medulla 4. Renal Pyramid 5.
                                                           1.
Renal Capsule 2.
Renal Cortex 3.
Renal Medulla 4.
Renal Pyramid 5.
Renal Pelvis 6.
Renal Column 7.
Renal Calyx 8.
Ureter

28. Renal Artery/Vein 5. Testes Ureter 6. Penis
                                                
Kidney Bladder
Renal Artery/Vein 5. Testes
Ureter Penis

29.                                                
Kidney Ureter
Uterine Horns 6. Ovary
Body of the Uterus 7. Adrenal Glands
Urinary Bladder

30. Kidney Dissection:

31. Renal Hilus
Ureter

32. Renal Cortex Kidney Injected With Latex
-red (arteries), blue (veins), yellow (urine)

33. Normal Human Kidney, Unfixed

34. Objective 5 Urinalysis Characteristics of Urine
Test the Initial sample for:
Color
transparency pH
presence of substances
volume
specific gravity
sodium chloride concentration
Test subsequent samples for:
Variables:
Water, salty chips, gatorade , mountain dew