1. Sun, Moon, & Earth’s Motions

2. Sun’s Motion

3. Sun’s Apparent Motion

4. Summer Most hours of sunlight
Sun RISES in the EAST and SETS in the WEST

5. Winter Least hours of daylight
Sun RISES in the EAST and SETS in the WEST

7. Fall and Spring Equal hours of daylight
Sun RISES in the EAST and SETS in the WEST

8. Summer Solstice June 21 North Pole is tilted toward the Sun
Sun is highest in the Sky
Longest day, shortest night

9. Winter Solstice December 21 North Pole is tilted away from the Sun
Sun is lowest in the Sky
Short Day, Long Night

10. Fall (Autumnal) Equinox
September 23
Sun is directly over the equator
Equal hours of day and night

11. Spring (Vernal) Equinox
March 21
Sun is directly over the equator
Equal day and night

13. Earth’s Motion

14. Rotation Earth rotates on an imaginary axis
Axis- imaginary line from the North Pole to the South Pole through Earth
23.5˚ Earth’s tilt
Earth’s rotation= counterclockwise
Tilt causes seasons

16. Proof of Rotation
Foucault’s Pendulum
Coriolis Effect

17. Foucault’s Pendulum The path of the pendulum appears to change.
Actually, the pendulum swings in a fixed direction in space, while Earth…and the observer, rotates under the pendulum.

19. Coriolis Effect

20. Revolution
Earth revolves around the Sun once every 365 days

21. Evidence of Revolution
Changing background of stars

23. Nutation
Rocking, Swaying, or Nodding Motion in the axis of rotation on Earth
Sun and Moon, which causes tidal force, continuously change location relative to each other and cause nutation

24. Precession
Slow and continuous change in Earth’s rotational axis or orbital path
Earth goes through a precessional cycle 1˚ every 72 years during which the positions of stars will slowly change
Over this cycle, Earth's north axial pole moves from where it is now, within 1° of Polaris, in a circle around the ecliptic pole, with an angular radius of about 23.5 degrees.

27. Reminders If it happens everyday Due to Rotation of Earth
If it happens every year or seasonally
Due to Revolution of Earth around Sun

28. Moon Phases

29. The Moon
Revolves around the Earth every 27.3 days, but takes 29.5 days from one full moon to the next
Moon’s tilt is 5˚
Rotates every 27.3 days (why we only see one side of the moon)

30. Moon Phases
Side lit up by the Sun is visible to Earth, we see the Moon
Revolution and changing of light visible on Earth causes moon phases

33. Seasons

34. Seasons Caused by Earth’s tilt toward or away from the Sun
Northern End tilts toward Sun, more direct rays=Summer

35. Spring
March 21
Summer
June 21
Winter
December 21
Fall
September 23

36. Tides

37. Tides Caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun on Earth
Mostly caused by the Moon since it is closer to Earth (more force of gravity)

38. High Tide
Located directly under the Moon’s position and on the opposite side of the Earth
Pull of the Moon is strong

39. Low Tide Located at right angles to the high tide
Pull from the Moon is smallest

40. Cycle We experience 2 high tides and 2 low tides
Each cycle takes 24 hours and 50 minutes to complete since the Earth rotates and the Moon revolves
Between 2 high tides there is a period of 12 hours and 25 minutes

42. Spring Tide Caused by a full and new moon
Water goes from its highest level to its lowest level for the month

44. Neap Tide Caused by the half moon phases
High is not so high, while the low is not so low

46. Solar Eclipse

47. What is it?
Occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth and the Moon partially or fully blocks the Sun
Only happen in new moon phase

48. Partial and Annular Eclipse

49. Total Eclipse

50. November 13, 2012

51. Lunar Eclipse

52. What is it?
Moon passes directly behind the Earth into its shadow
Occurs when Sun, Moon, Earth are aligned exactly with Earth in the middle
Occurs night of a full moon

54. November 28, 2012