1. Reproductive Anatomy and Birth Control
 This presentation is considered to be the intellectual property of Crystal Bronson and Jessica Dalton in fulfillment of Master of Science in Nursing Degree while attending Rush University Medical center, unless explicitly stated, no information or images may be distributed or copied without expressed written consent of aforementioned parties.
Crystal M. Bronson & Jessica A. Dalton ©

2. Male and Female External Views
“We’ll start with the external male and female genitalia. Take a look at these pictures and tell me some things you notice.”
Key points: They are all different!
“’Normal’ is different for everyone! How do you know what your normal is?
Look! – At least once a month. After a shower is best.
Males: Look at your penis and the front of your testicles in a full length mirror. Use a hand mirror to see the back of the testicles. Feel both testicles for lumps.
Females: Use a hand mirror to look at your genital area. Feel both breasts every month to check for lumps or other changes.
This is important because not only does this help you monitor your own health, but it also helps you become more comfortable making decisions about your sexual health and expressing them to others.”
**Point out important physical structures on male and female genitalia.**
Key points:
- length of female and male urethra and why this leads to increased UTIs in females
- Foreskin and circumcision in males
Crystal M. Bronson & Jessica A. Dalton ©

3. The Stats that Matter
The percentage of CPS high school students who have ever had sex.
51.8%
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4. The stats that matter
The percentage of high school age males who report using condom the last time they had sex.
41.8%
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5. The stats that matter
The percentage of high school age females who report using condom the last time they had sex.
25.1%
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6. Twice the national average
The stats that matter
The percentage of African American teen girls who will become pregnant before age 20.
48%
Twice the national average
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7. The stats that matter
The percentage of teens mothers who will graduate high school.
50%
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8. Cook County ranks # 1 in the nation for # of cases of which two STIs?
The stats that matter
Cook County ranks # 1 in the nation for # of cases of which two STIs?
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia is #2!!

9. SEX…
What is Sex?
Vaginal
Anal
Oral
Masturbation
Manual stimulating a partner’s genitals
Genital Contact
Individuals define sex in different ways depending on culture, religion, sexual preference, and personal boundaries.
Ask students to define sexual acts.
“Which of these acts can result in pregnancy?”
- Vaginal sex
- Genital contact
Crystal M. Bronson & Jessica A. Dalton ©

10. Pregnancy Requires Egg Sperm Fertilization Implantation
Pregnancy does not occur immediately after sex. It can take up to six days before the sperm and egg join to form a fertilized egg, and up to 10 days before it implants in the uterus.
Crystal M. Bronson & Jessica A. Dalton ©

11. Abstinence How It Works: Effectiveness: PROS: CONS
Abstinence can be defined in different ways.
Choosing to remain a virgin
Not engaging in activities that could cause pregnancy – intercourse or genital contact
Choosing not to have sex for a period of time for any reason
Effectiveness:
100%!
PROS:
No chance of unplanned pregnancy
Time to explore your sexuality without pressure
CONS
Some people may find it hard to abstain from sex for long periods.
Being unprepared to have safe, protected sex when abstinence ends.
Crystal M. Bronson & Jessica A. Dalton ©

12. Withdrawal or “Pulling Out”
How It Works:
Male partner pulls his penis out of the vagina before ejaculation.
When used correctly sperm does not enter the vagina.
Effectiveness:
More than 30% of couples using this method will become pregnant
PROS:
Convenient
Free
CONS:
Requires control on the part of the male – can be less effective in young adults whose bodies are still developing.
Does not protect against HIV and STIs.
Is this effective??
Ask 40% of students to stand up from their chairs. This is the number of students who will be expecting a child after a year of using this method.
Crystal M. Bronson & Jessica A. Dalton ©

13. Douching What is it? How does it work? Is it effective?
Using water or other fluid to clean the vagina.
How does it work?
It doesn’t! Douching is not an effective method of birth control. In fact it can increase the risk of STIs and other vaginal infections!
Is it effective?
NO! In fact, doctors recommend that women do not douche.
Never flush or place anything in the vagina or anus that was not made for sexual intercourse.

14. Barrier Methods Condoms, diaphragms
Places a barrier between the sperm and the egg so that fertilization cannot occur.
Can be private and easy to carry with you.
Dental dams can be used as a barrier during oral sex to prevent the transmission of STIs.
Dental Dam demo video at:

15. The Male Condom How It Works: Effectiveness PROS: CONS:
Is placed over the erect penis and prevents the sperm from reaching the egg
Effectiveness
85-98%
PROS:
Easy to get
Protects against HIV and many STIs
No age requirement to buy
CONS:
Latex allergies
Can break or slip off
One use only
**Pass out Contraceptive Choices handout**
“Now we’ll go over birth control options that can be used by males and/or females to protect against pregnancy and STIs. NOT ALL of these methods will protect against STIs! In the next lesson we will talk about the most effective ways to protect yourself from STIs.”
**For each slide talk briefly about how it works, effectiveness, and pros and cons.**
Crystal M. Bronson & Jessica A. Dalton ©

16. Tips: Check expiration dates Keep condoms in a cool dry place
Practice putting one on before you actually need it
Make sure the condom isn’t inside out
Leave room at the tip for semen
Use water-based lubricant
Hold the condom against the base of the penis when withdrawing – never take off the condom near the vagina!
Crystal M. Bronson & Jessica A. Dalton ©

17. Male Condom Demonstration Activity
Demonstration options (see lesson plan):
1.) Educator demonstration
2.) Video demonstration
3.) Students practice placing a condom on their own fingers
4.) Group activity placing steps to using a condom in the correct order. Check answers using the subsequent slides.

18. Steps to using a male condom
Get a male condom from the store or clinic.
Get water based lubricant such as K-Y jelly.
Check the condom expiration date.
Check to make sure the condom package is not damaged or torn.
Make sure there IS an air bubble in the condom package.
Ensure that students know where to find the expiration date.

19. Steps to using a male condom
Open the condom. Be careful not to tear the condom (don’t use teeth, scissors, or sharp nails)
Check to see which way the condom unrolls. It should look like a sombrero, not a beanie hat.
Place the condom on the erect penis.
Squeeze the tip of the condom to press out air and leave a place for semen to collect.
Unroll the condom all the way down to the base of the penis.

20. Steps to using a male condom
Apply the water based lubricant.
After ejaculation, hold on to the base of the condom.
Carefully withdraw the erect penis from the vagina.
To remove the condom, hold the base of the penis and slide the condom off (inch-worm style). Keep the penis and condom away from the vulva.
Wrap the condom in a tissue and throw it in the trash, not the toilet!

21. The Female Condom How It Works: Effectiveness: PROS: CONS
A nitril pouch that is inserted into the vagina prior to sex – when the penis enters the vagina it fits inside the condom
Effectiveness:
75-95% effective
PROS:
Made of nitril – reduced allergic reactions
Can be inserted up to four hours before sex
Feels more natural
Protects against many STIs
CONS
Looks strange
More expensive
Crystal M. Bronson & Jessica A. Dalton ©

22. Demonstration options (see lesson plan):
1.) Educator demonstration
2.) Video demonstration
3.) Students practice placing a condom on their own fingers
4.) Group activity placing steps to using a condom in the correct order. Check answers using the subsequent slides.

23. Steps to using a female condom
Get a female condom from the store or clinic.
Get water based lubricant.
Check the condom expiration date.
Check to make sure the condom package is not damaged or torn.
Make sure there IS an air bubble in the condom package.

24. Steps to using a female condom
Put lubricant on the outside of the closed end of the condom.
Find a comfortable position – lay down, squat, or put one foot on a chair.
Squeeze the sides of the inner ring together and insert into the vagina like a tampon.
With your finger inside of the condom, push the inner ring in as far as it can go – until it reaches the cervix.
Pull out your finger and let the outer ring hang about an inch below the vagina.

25. Steps to using a female condom
The erect penis goes inside the female condom.
To remove the condom twist the outer ring to keep the semen inside.
Gently pull the female condom out of the vagina.
Throw the condom away in the trash, not the toilet!

26. Barrier Method: The Female Condom
The female condom can also be used for anal sexual intercourse.
Squeeze the ring between your thumb and middle finger.
Insert the ring into the anal opening
and use your finger to guide it inside.
Steps and pictures for using the female condom during anal sexual intercourse from The 411 on Female Condoms. Chicago Female Condom Campaign. Retrieved from

27. Barrier Method: The Female Condom
Put your finger inside the condom and push it into the anal cavity. The inner ring should be inserted past the anal sphincter (a tight ring of muscle).
Some people prefer to remove the inner ring once the condom is inserted. However, the inner ring must stay in when the condom is used for vaginal intercourse.
Use water-based
lubricant to protect the
anus and improve
comfort.

28. Condom Do’s and Don’ts NEVER…
ALWAYS…
Always check condom expiration date
Always use a new condom every time - do not reuse condoms
Always use only water-based lubricants - KY jelly
Always leave room at the tip for semen
Always wear condom when penis is erect
Always hold onto condom while pulling out
NEVER…
Never use oil-based products like Vaseline as a lubricant
Never wear 2 condoms --this does not double protect!
Never leave air bubbles in condom while on

29. Barrier Method: Diaphragm
What is it?
A small dome-shaped cup of silicone or latex that a woman inserts into her vagina before having sex.
How does it work?
The diaphragm covers the cervix and keeps sperm out of the uterus.
How effective is it?
88% Effective
NO STI protection!
Requires a doctor’s visit

30. Hormonal Contraceptives
Uses naturally occurring hormones to stop ovulation and prevent pregnancy
Effectiveness: About 2 out of 100 women will become pregnant.
No STI protection
Requires a visit
with a medical
professional
Crystal M. Bronson & Jessica A. Dalton ©

31. Differences The Pill- take one pill every day at the same time
The Patch- wear one patch for 7 days, 3 weeks in a row, 4th week off
The Ring – insert ring into vagina for 3 weeks, remove for 4th week

32. Differences The Shot (Depo Provera) – get one shot every 12 weeks
Implanon - Plastic rod inserted in arm by health care professional, every 3 years

33. Hormonal Method + Condom= STIs or Pregnancy

34. Emergency Contraception: The Morning After Pill
Plan B One Step, Ella
How It Works:
The morning pill after uses naturally occurring hormones in the woman’s body to stop the ovaries from releasing an egg
Effectiveness:
Less than 1% of women will become pregnant after using the morning after pill
Crystal M. Bronson & Jessica A. Dalton ©

35. Morning After Pill: What you need to know!
“Morning After Pill”-Plan B and Ella
Take ASAP: within 3 days (Plan B), within 5 days (Ella) of unprotected sex
Stops or delays ovulation, prevents fertilization or implantation
Prevents at least 75% of pregnancies that would have occurred
NOT “The Abortion Pill”- Mifepristone
Persons need a prescription, 17+ can purchase over the counter
Crystal M. Bronson & Jessica A. Dalton ©

36. Emergency Contraception
PROS
Very Effective
Safe
Private
A prescription or pill can be acquired at anytime and the medication kept in your medicine cabinet in case of an emergency.
CONS
Can cause nausea, breast tenderness, and other side effects
More expensive
Causes irregular periods if used frequently
Should not be used as a regular method of birth control
Crystal M. Bronson & Jessica A. Dalton ©

37. Intrauterine Device (IUD)
A “T” shaped device that is placed in the uterus by a health care provider.
Prevents the sperm from reaching the egg.
No STI protection
“ParaGard”
Lasts up to 12 years!
“Mirena”
Lasts up to 5 years
Can be used as an emergency contraceptive \
Crystal M. Bronson & Jessica A. Dalton ©

38. What you need to know… *Exceptions do apply.
A doctor’s visit for hormonal birth control is required.
The pharmacy can provide emergency contraception (peoples need a prescription, 17+ can purchase)
Youth 12 years of age or older can receive sexual health and reproductive services without parental consent.
*Exceptions do apply.
Notes: Youth 12 years or older can seek sexual health services without a parent’s consent. However, certain forms of emergency contraception, abortion procedures and results of tests that inform the patient of possible danger may be reported to a parent or legal guardian with informed consent of the minor.

39. Your Rights… You have the right to….
Know your own body and make decisions about what happens to it.
Require your partner to use birth control.
Talk to a parent, guardian, or trusted adult about birth control .
Talk to a doctor or medical professional about your birth control options.
Change your birth control method.

40. Choosing your birth control
Things to Consider…
Effectiveness
Accessibility – Can you get it?
Cost
Comfort
Partner comfort
Ease of Use – Will you use it?
Combining methods for better protection
“Now that we’ve talked about these birth control options I want you to think about which one would work for you. It’s really important to have this conversation with yourself before you get into a sex situation when you are excited and hormones and emotions are running high. Make the decision about what birth control you want to use and have it on hand. It may take a couple of tries before you have one you like. Talk with yourself and talk with your partner.
Discussion Questions:
What are barriers to getting birth control?
Which options are easiest to get?
Where can you get birth control?
**Mercy clinic in the school! They will provide birth control and STI testing Monday – Friday. You need a pass to go see them. If you have your parents sign a general consent for care at the beginning of the school year you will be able to receive all services that the clinic offers with complete confidentiality.”
**Questions**
Crystal M. Bronson & Jessica A. Dalton ©