Quiz, Quiz, Trade Cards Important People in American and World History

Quiz, Quiz, Trade Cards Important People in American and World History

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Label The top of the page Important people for TAKS

Important People in World History
1 Thomas Jefferson

Principal author of the Declaration of Independence US Ambassador to France Washington’s Secretary of State 3rd President Authorized Louisiana Purchase Thomas Jefferson

2 George Washington

Delegate to 1st and 2nd Continental Congresses Commander-in-chief of the Continental Army Chairman of the Constitutional Convention 1st President of the USA-served two terms George Washington

3 Abraham Lincoln

16th President of USA Helped build the Republican Party Administration Civil War Gettysburg Address Emancipation Proclamation Assassinated before he could implement Reconstruction Plans Abraham Lincoln

4 Woodrow Wilson

President of Princeton University; Governor of NJ 20th President of the United States Federal Reserve Act and the Federal Trade Commission began during his administration WWI Peace Plan known as 14 Points Dream of League of Nations not approved by Congress Woodrow Wilson

British statesman; appoint Prime Minister in 1940 Vowed “victory at all costs…for without victory there is no survival.” Predicted the “iron curtain” of the Cold War Nobel Prize Literature 1953 for The Second World War 5 Winston Churchill

British statesman; appoint Prime Minister in 1940 Vowed “victory at all costs…for without victory there is no survival.” Predicted the “iron curtain” of the Cold War Nobel Prize Literature 1953 for The Second World War Winston Churchill

6 Adolf Hitler

Believed that Germany was at risk from Jewish, socialist, democratic, and liberal forces Leader of the national Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI) Published Mein Kampf (My Struggle) 1934 named himself Fuhrer of Germany and began to build a world wide empire 1942 Holocaust-”Final Solution to the Jewish Question” 50 million dead Committed suicide as Allies moved into Germany Adolf Hitler

7 Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov “Lenin”

Influenced by works of Karl Marx Founder of the Russian Communist Party 1917 lead the November Revolution to establish a “soviet” government based on a union of workers, peasants, and soldiers Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov “Lenin”

8 Mao Zedong

Studied western writings, radical Chinese writings and Mark and Lenin Believed the peasants would be the best support for Communist Revolution Opposed Nationalist Chiang-Kai Shek During Long March ( ) assumed leadership of Communist Party in China Founded the People’s Republic of China in 1949 Mao Zedong

9 Mohandus Gandhi

Spiritual and moral leader of India that favored independence from Great Britain Studied and practiced law Practiced passive resistance, civil disobedience, and boycotts to generate social and political change Assassinated in 1948 Mohandus Gandhi

10 Pope John Paul II

This polish cardinal was the first non-Italian pope elected since the 16th century Served as Pope from October 1978 to April 2005 Supported ageless Catholic traditions, strong papal authority, devotion to the virgin Mary, and inter-faith cooperation Pope John Paul II

11Mother Teresa

Roman Catholic nun set a world wide standard for humanitarian aid Founded the Missionaries of Charity-doing work among the poor, dying, and abandoned of India Nobel Peace Prize 1979 Mother Teresa

12 DesmondTutu

Leading spokesman for passive resistance to South African aparthied in the 1980s Nobel Peace Prize 1983 for his attempts to promote racial equality 1986 became the head of the South African Anglican Church Desmond Tutu

Greatest thinker of his era (ca B.C) Invented the catapult, grappling devices, and an device to move water and loose material from one level to another Mathematical writing on the principle of the lever was a significant contribution to knowledge 13 Archimedes

Greatest thinker of his era (ca B.C) Invented the catapult, grappling devices, and an device to move water and loose material from one level to another Mathematical writing on the principle of the lever was a significant contribution to knowledge Archimedes

14 Nicolaus Copernicus

Polish astronomer proposed the theory that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the solar system in 1507 Nicolaus Copernicus

15Erastothenes

Cyrene for North Africa that studied mathematics in Athens 1st to calculate the circumference of the earth, describe it as a sphere, and predict that ships could sail from Greece to India 15 Erastothenes

Italian scientist that developed the modern experimental method Proved Copernican Theory Proved objects of different masses fall at the same velocity Used a telescope to examine objects in the sky In conflict with the Roman Catholic church 16Galileo

Italian scientist that developed the modern experimental method Proved Copernican Theory Proved objects of different masses fall at the same velocity Used a telescope to examine objects in the sky In conflict with the Roman Catholic church Galileo

Greek philosopher and mathematician Credited with the idea that mathematic formulas could help establish patterns Pythagorian Theorem holds that in a right triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides. 17 Pythagorus

Greek philosopher and mathematician Credited with the idea that mathematic formulas could help establish patterns Pythagorian Theorem holds that in a right triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides. Pythagorus

English physicist and chemist Discovered the nature of elements and compounds 18 Boyle

English physicist and chemist Discovered the nature of elements and compounds 1661 published The Skeptical Chemist that challenged common thinking about the four basic elements of the day Boyle’s law Robert Boyle

Marie Curie

Proved that radio activity, when properly applied, was an effective treatment of some diseases Discovered the elements: polonium and radium Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and 1911 Worked to make x-ray technology accessible to soldiers during World War I 19 Marie Curie

American Inventor-held 1,300 patents Credited with Automatic telegraph machine Phonograph Incandescent light bulb Modernized telephone Motion picture equipment Operated world’s 1st electric power station Menlo Park “invention factory” 20Thomas Edison

American Inventor-held 1,300 patents Credited with Automatic telegraph machine Phonograph Incandescent light bulb Modernized telephone Motion picture equipment Operated world’s 1st electric power station Menlo Park “invention factory” Thomas Edison

German-Jewish Physicist that immigrated to the USA in 1933 Theory of Relativity-energy equals mass times the speed of light squared Theories critical to the development of the atomic bomb 1921 Nobel Prize Physics Albert Einstein

1807 changed maritime transportation with the invention of the first successful, commercial steamboat known as the Clermont Robert Fulton

English mathematician and physicist Devised principles to explain universal gravitation—all matter attracts other matter Believed that reason and rationality could be applied to natural phenomenon Sir Isaac Newton

French chemist Discovered that heat could kill bacteria which spoiled liquids. Pasteurization-heating liquids to kill bacteria (esp. in milk) Introduced microbiology Invented a rabies vaccine Louis Pasteur

Scottish engineer Created a steam engine with a new type of governor to control steam power and engine speed. A flywheel was attached to convert steam power to mechanical power Important to Industrial Revolution Metric unit of power is called a “watt” James Watt

Dealt the symbolic blow that began the Reformation when he nailed his Ninety-Five Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Church. That document contained an attack on papal abuses and the sale of indulgences by church officials. Doctrine of justification by faith--the teaching that Christ's own righteousness is imputed to those who believe, and on that ground alone, they are accepted by God. Martin Luther

German goldsmith and inventor Credited with inventing a movable type printing press Major work: 42 line Bible Printing technology spread rapidly throughout Europe and is key to the Renaissance Johannes Gutenberg

“Renaissance Man” most famous as a painter, sculptor, and architect Mona Lisa Last Supper Scientist & Engineer: Notebooks of scientific observation Anatomy, astronomy, civil engineering, optics, and hydrodynamics Leonardo Da Vinci

Rose to through the French military to become the Emperor of France Great military commander—attempted to conquer Europe Code Napoleon formed foundation of civil law that incorporated religious toleration and the abolition of serfdom Totalitarian state Napoleon Bonaparte

Known as “The Liberator” of South America Military victories of the Spanish colonial army won independence for Bolivia, Panama, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela Simon Bolivar

English naturalist that originated the concept of natural selection Theoretical books The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859) The Descent of Man (1871) Charles Darwin

German philosopher and political economist Communist Manifesto (1848) History advances through class struggle Predicted the end of capitalism would be brought about by the organization of working class, thus ushering in the age of communism Karl Marx

South African revolutionary with the African National Congress-fought against apartheid Imprisoned from for plotting to overthrow the government 1993 Nobel Peace Prize President of South Africa-transition to democratic rule Nelson Mandela

Quiz, Quiz, Trade Cards Important People in American and World History

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Quiz, Quiz, Trade Cards Important People in American and World History

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