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Ionic & Covalent Bonding

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Presentation on theme: "Ionic & Covalent Bonding"— Presentation transcript:

1 Ionic & Covalent Bonding
Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

2 Chemical Bonds Hold Compounds Together
Chemical bonds are the glue that hold the atoms of elements together in compounds. They form when the electrons around two atoms interact.

3 Remember… atoms can transfer electrons.
Ion: when atom gains or loses electrons Location on the periodic table gives us a clue as to the types of ions that will form…

4 Atoms with a full outer shell (or 8 valence electrons) are considered stable (and happy!). This is called the octet rule. In order for the atom to be stable, it will form bonds with other atoms. For example: Elements in Group 1 have only 1 valence electron. They are very reactive because they want to get rid of that 1 electron. So, which group are they likely to form compounds with? Which group would want to GAIN one electron to be full and happy? Group 17! Why? They have 7 valence electrons, and only need one more! Creation of ions!! 

5 Electrons move from one atom to the other.
Ionic Bonds Electrons move from one atom to the other. Force of attraction between positive and negative ions is called an ionic bond. This bond is formed between metals and non-metals.

6 Practice Forming Ionic Bonds
Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

7 Sodium + Chlorine Sodium Chloride (???)
Cl Na Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

8 Sodium + Chlorine Sodium Chloride (???)
Cl Na Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

9 Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Sodium + Chlorine Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Cl Na Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

10 Ionic Bonding

11 Magnesium + Iodine Magnesium Iodide (???)
Mg Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

12 Magnesium + Iodine Magnesium Iodide (???)
Mg Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net I

13 Magnesium Iodide (MgI2)
Magnesium + Iodine Magnesium Iodide (MgI2) I Mg I Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

14 Potassium + Iodine Potassium Iodide (???)
K Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

15 Potassium + Iodine Potassium Iodide (???)
K I Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

16 Potassium + Iodine Potassium Iodide (KI)
Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net K

17 Sodium + Oxide Sodium Oxide (???)
Na Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

18 Sodium + Oxide Sodium Oxide (???)
Na Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net Na

19 Sodium + Oxide Sodium Oxide (Na2O)
Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net Na

20 Calcium + Chlorine Calcium Chloride (???)
Cl Ca Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

21 Calcium + Chlorine Calcium Chloride (???)
Cl Cl Ca Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

22 Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)
Calcium + Chlorine Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) Cl Cl Cl Cl Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net Ca

23 Magnesium + Sulfur Magnesium Sulfide (???)
Mg Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

24 Magnesium + Sulfur Magnesium Sulfide (???)
Mg Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

25 Magnesium Sulfide (MgS)
Magnesium + Sulfur Magnesium Sulfide (MgS) S Mg Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

26 Aluminium + Chlorine Aluminium Chloride (???)
Cl Al Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

27 Aluminium + Chlorine Aluminium Chloride (???)
Cl Al Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

28 Aluminium Chloride (AlCl3)
Aluminium + Chlorine Aluminium Chloride (AlCl3) Cl Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net Al Cl Cl

29 Covalent Bonds Atoms can share electrons, too.
Nonmetals with nonmetals A pair of shared electrons between two atoms is called a covalent bond. No ions are formed: neither atom gains or loses an electron.

30 Polar Covalent Bonds A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally. In a water molecule, the oxygen atom attracts electrons far more strongly than the hydrogen atoms. Therefore, the oxygen side has a slightly negative charge and the hydrogen side has a slightly positive charge.

31 Practice Forming Covalent Bonds
Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

32 Hydrogen + Hydrogen Hydrogen Gas (???)
Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

33 Hydrogen + Hydrogen Hydrogen Gas (???)
Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

34 These electrons are shared between both atoms
Hydrogen + Hydrogen Hydrogen Gas (H2) H H Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net These electrons are shared between both atoms

35 Hydrogen + Chlorine Hydrogen Chloride (???)
Cl Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

36 Hydrogen + Chlorine Hydrogen Chloride (???)
Cl H Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

37 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)
Hydrogen + Chlorine Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) H Cl Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net These electrons are shared between both atoms

38 Chlorine + Chlorine Chlorine Gas (???)
Cl Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

39 Chlorine + Chlorine Chlorine Gas (???)
Cl Cl Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

40 These electrons are shared between both atoms
Chlorine + Chlorine Chlorine Gas (Cl2) Cl Cl Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net These electrons are shared between both atoms

41 Oxygen + Hydrogen Water (???)
Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

42 Hydrogen + Oxygen Water (???)
Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

43 These electrons are shared between both atoms
Hydrogen + Oxygen Water (H2O) O H Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net These electrons are shared between both atoms H

44 Hydrogen + Nitrogen Ammonia (???)
Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

45 Hydrogen + Nitrogen Ammonia (???)
Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

46 These electrons are shared between both atoms
Hydrogen + Nitrogen Ammonia (NH3) H These electrons are shared between both atoms N H Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net H

47 Carbon + Hydrogen Methane (???)
Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

48 Carbon + Hydrogen Methane (???)
Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

49 These electrons are shared between both atoms
Carbon + Hydrogen Methane (CH4) H These electrons are shared between both atoms C H H Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net H

50 Oxygen + Oxygen Oxygen Gas (???)
Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

51 Oxygen + Oxygen Oxygen Gas (???)
Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

52 These electrons are shared between both atoms = Double Bond
Oxygen + Oxygen Oxygen Gas (O2) These electrons are shared between both atoms = Double Bond O=O O O Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

53 Carbon + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide (???)
Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

54 Carbon + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide (???)
Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

55 Electrons are shared between both atoms = Double Bonds
Carbon + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Electrons are shared between both atoms = Double Bonds O=C=O O C O Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

56 DO NOW: Complete the handout “Ionic and Covalent Bonds”

57 Aluminum Potassium Magnesium Sodium Chlorine Fluorine Nitrogen Oxygen
Element Atomic Symbol Metal or NonMetal Valence Electrons Give or Take/Share Aluminum Potassium Magnesium Sodium Chlorine Fluorine Nitrogen Oxygen Hydrogen Carbon Iodine Calcium

58 Aluminum Potassium Magnesium Sodium Chlorine Fluorine Nitrogen Oxygen
Element Atomic Symbol Metal or NonMetal Valence Electrons Give or Take/Share Aluminum Al M 3 G Potassium K 1 Magnesium Mg 2 Sodium Na Chlorine Cl NM 7 TS Fluorine F Nitrogen N 5 Oxygen O 6 Hydrogen H Carbon C 4 Iodine I Calcium Ca

59 Bonds Activity With the person sitting next to you, you are going to create the chemical bonds listed in the boxes on your paper. The Pennies represent the element symbol. The beads represent the valence electrons. On your desk, you will create the bonds for each box using the materials. DO NOT DRAW IT ON YOUR PAPER until it is checked.

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