1. Understanding the Atom Practice Problems
The nucleus is located as letter b (protons and neutrons together).
The electrons are labeled as letter a (surrounding the nucleus but not in the nucleus).

2. Understanding the Atom Practice Problems
3. Name the parts that make up the nucleus:
Protons and Neutrons

3. Understanding the Atom Practice Problems
4. A proton is LARGER in size than an electron.

4. Understanding the Atom Practice Problems
5. An electron is __________ in size than an neutron.

5. Understanding the Atom Practice Problems
6. A proton has a __________ charge.

6. Understanding the Atom Practice Problems
7. An electron has a __________ charge.

7. Understanding the Atom Practice Problems
8. A neutron has a __________ charge.

8. Understanding the Atom Practice Problems
In this picture of a carbon atom electrons are blue and protons are red. 6 electrons 6 protons So the overall charge is -6+6=0 9. An entire atom has a __________ charge.

9. Complete the Chart. You will use the periodic table to fill in some spaces.
Here’s what you need to know about the periodic table:
Atomic # = # Protons = # Total Electrons
So….
Hydrogen has 1 proton and 1 electron because the atomic number is 1!

10. Complete the Chart. You will use the periodic table to fill in some spaces.
Name of element
Symbol
Atomic number
# of Protons
# of Electrons 1.
Oxygen  O 8 2.
 Calcium Ca 20
 20 3.
 53 53 4. 11 5. 47 6.
Sulfur 7. 80 8. 26 9.
Hydrogen
10. U
11. 37
12. Ra
13.
Titanium

11. What do the pictures show?

12. Figures D and E show atoms
Figures D and E show atoms. Study each figure and answer the questions about each.

13. How many protons does the atom in Figure D have?
It appeasers to have 7 protons (circled in red).

14. 2. How many neutrons?
7 neutrons (circled in green)

15. 3. How many electrons?
____ electrons (circled in blue)

16. 4. What is the atomic mass of this atom?
Atomic Mass = # protons + # neutrons
(Basically you count all of the particles that are in the nucleus!)

17. Use periodic table! Remember the # protons = atomic #
What is the name and symbol and of this atom?
Use periodic table! Remember the # protons = atomic #

18. 6. How many protons does the atom in Figure E have?
(protons are circled in red)

19. (neutrons are circled in green)
7. How many neutrons?
(neutrons are circled in green)

20. (electrons are circled in blue)
8. How many electrons?
(electrons are circled in blue)

21. 9. What is the atomic mass of this atom? Remember
atomic mass = #protons + #neutrons

22. What is the name and symbol of this atom?
Use the periodic table.

23. Atomic # = # protons = # electrons
Remember
Atomic # = # protons = # electrons
Round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number so will be 64.
64 = # protons + # neutrons

24. Understand the Atom Part 2
YOU MUST USE YOUR NOTES AND THE CHART BELOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS!
Atomic Mass = mass of the atom
Define amu__________________________________________
An atom's mass cannot be measured with everyday units of mass because they are so small. Scientists created the atomic mass unit (amu) to measure the particles in atoms. The mass of a proton or a neutron is about 1 atomic mass unit (1 amu). Electrons are so light ( amu) that they are not counted in the mass. Each different kind of atom has its own number of protons; each different kind of atom has its own atomic weight.

25. What is the center of an atom called?
Particle
Location
Charge
Mass
Proton
Nucleus
Positive (+)
1 amu
Neutron
Neutral (0)
Electron
Orbits
Negative (-)
0 amu
What is the center of an atom called?

26. 2. What parts make up the center?
Particle
Location
Charge
Mass
Proton
Nucleus
Positive (+)
1 amu
Neutron
Neutral (0)
Electron
Orbits
Negative (-)
0 amu
2. What parts make up the center?

27. 3. The mass of an atom is equal to the mass of the _______ and the ________.

28. Mass Number = _______ + _______
4. Fill in the blanks.
Mass Number = _______ + _______

29. Use periodic table to complete the chart.
To find the Mass Number round the Atomic Mass found on the periodic table to the nearest whole number.
Element
Symbol
# of Protons
# of Neutrons
Mass Number 5.
Neon
 Ne 10
10 
 20 6.
Silver
 Ag 47
61 
108 7.
Gold
 Au 79
118
197  8.
Chlorine 18 9.
Calcium 20
10.
Lead
125
11.
Nickel 28
12.
Fluorine
13.
Silicon 14
14.
Copper 29
15.
Iron 26
16.
Aluminum
17.
Hydrogen
18.
Titanium
19.
Uranium
20.
Barium

30. Element Symbol # of Protons # of Neutrons Mass Number 5. Neon Ne 10 10
Element
Symbol
# of Protons
# of Neutrons
Mass Number 5.
Neon
 Ne 10
10 
 20 6.
Silver
 Ag 47
61 
108 7.
Gold
 Au 79
118
197  8.
Chlorine 18 9.
Calcium 20
10.
Lead
125
11.
Nickel 28
12.
Fluorine
13.
Silicon 14
14.
Copper 29
15.
Iron 26
16.
Aluminum
17.
Hydrogen
18.
Titanium
19.
Uranium
20.
Barium

31. More ATOMS Problems You will need your periodic table. Remember:
Rule #1: Atomic number = number of protons
Rule #2: Protons = Electrons (positives = negatives)
Rule #3: Mass Number = (protons + neutrons)
(number of things in the nucleus)

32. Element Symbol Atomic Number Mass Number # of Protons # of Neutrons
Element
Symbol
Atomic Number
Mass Number
# of Protons
# of Neutrons
# of Electrons a.
 Helium
 He 2 4 b.
 Magnesium Mg 12
 24 c.
 Zinc Zn 30 65 35 d.
 Bromine
 Br
 35 80
35 
 45 e.
 Gold
 Au
 79
 197 79
118 f.
146 92 g.
Hydrogen h.
Barium Ba i.
Calcium j.
Carbon k.
Iron l.
Aluminum m.
Potassium n.
Copper o.
Chlorine p.
Titanium q.
Uranium r.
Iodine s.
103  t.
 104 u.
 105 v.
 106

33. DRAWING ATOMS
Use the periodic table to draw the following atoms. Be sure you draw a chart of your information for each atom.
Example: Boron
Name
Symbol
Atomic Number
Mass Number
Number of Protons
Number of Electrons
Number of Neutrons
Boron  B 5 11 6 5 B 11

34. DRAWING ATOMS
Use the periodic table to draw the following atoms. Be sure you draw a chart of your information for each atom.
1. Hydrogen
Name
Symbol
Atomic Number
Mass Number
Number of Protons
Number of Electrons
Number of Neutrons
Hydrogen H 1

35. DRAWING ATOMS
Use the periodic table to draw the following atoms. Be sure you draw a chart of your information for each atom.
2. Carbon
Name
Symbol
Atomic Number
Mass Number
Number of Protons
Number of Electrons
Number of Neutrons
Carbon C 6 12

36. When drawing circles for energy levels remember:
DRAWING ATOMS
Use the periodic table to draw the following atoms. Be sure you draw a chart of your information for each atom.
Fluorine
Beryllium
Nitrogen
Helium
Sodium
Oxygen
Aluminum
Sulfur
When drawing circles for energy levels remember:
1st circle can only hold 2 electrons
2nd circle can hold 8 electrons
3rd circle can hold 8 electrons
Name
Symbol
Atomic Number
Mass Number
Number of Protons
Number of Electrons
Number of Neutrons

37. Bond Type and Ionic Dot Structures Worksheet
Determine if the following form ionic bonds or covalent bonds:
Covalent Bonds = between 2 nonmetals
Ionic Bonds = between 1 metal and 1 nonmetal
So which elements are metals and which elements are nonmetals?
Look at the periodic table below!

38. What are some properties of nonmetals and metals?
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Malleable (can be bent and molded)
Ductile (can be stretched)
Luster (shiny)
Solid at room temperature (except mercury)
Nonmetals
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Brittle (falls apart)
Non-ductile
Not shiny
Solids, Liquids, or Gases at room temperature

39. 2 nonmetals bonded form COVALENT BONDS!
OCl2
Find oxygen (O) on the periodic table. Is oxygen a metal or nonmetal?
Oxygen is a nonmetal
Find chlorine (Cl) on the periodic table. Is chlorine a metal or nonmetal?
Chlorine is a nonmetal
So…..
2 nonmetals bonded form COVALENT BONDS!

40. metal and nonmetal bonded form IONIC BONDS!
2. LiCl
Find lithium (Li) on the periodic table. Is lithium a metal or nonmetal?
Lithium is a metal
Find chlorine (Cl) on the periodic table. Is chlorine a metal or nonmetal?
Chlorine is a nonmetal
So…..
metal and nonmetal bonded form IONIC BONDS!

41. SI
Find sulfur (S) on the periodic table. Is sulfur a metal or nonmetal?
Find iodine (I) on the periodic table. Is iodine a metal or nonmetal?

42. CaF2 Find Ca on the periodic table. Is Ca a metal or nonmetal?
Find F on the periodic table. Is F a metal or nonmetal?

43. BrCl Find Br on the periodic table. Is Br a metal or nonmetal?
Find Cl on the periodic table. Is Cl a metal or nonmetal?

44. 6. NO Find N on the periodic table. Is N a metal or nonmetal?
Find O on the periodic table. Is O a metal or nonmetal?

45. To show this bond we will draw electron dot structures!
Draw the dot structures for the following IONIC compounds: Remember ionic bonds form between a metal and a nonmetal. This type of bond involves the transfer of electrons so that ions form.
To show this bond we will draw electron dot structures!

46. 7. calcium and bromine CaBr2
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

47. 8. potassium and bromine KBr
You can also use the periodic table to determine the charge an ion will have once the bond forms.
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

48. 9. strontium and sulfur SrS
You can also use the periodic table to determine the charge an ion will have once the bond forms.
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

49. 10. potassium and chlorine KCl
You can also use the periodic table to determine the charge an ion will have once the bond forms.
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

50. 11. magnesium and fluorine MgF2
You can also use the periodic table to determine the charge an ion will have once the bond forms.
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

51. 12. barium and iodine BaI2
You can also use the periodic table to determine the charge an ion will have once the bond forms.
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

52. 13. sodium and nitrogen Na3N
You can also use the periodic table to determine the charge an ion will have once the bond forms.
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

53. 14. rubidium and phosphorus Rb3P
You can also use the periodic table to determine the charge an ion will have once the bond forms.
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

54. Covalent Dot Structures Worksheet Draw the dot structures for the following covalent compounds. Remember covalent bonds form between a nonmetal and another nonmetal. This type of bond involves the sharing electrons to form molecules.
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

55. 1. CBr4
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

56. 2. SF2
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

57. 3. PI3
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

58. 4. Cl2
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

59. 5. ClBr
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

60. 6. H2S
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

61. 7. NH3
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

62. 8. SiCl4
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

63. 9. At2
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

64. 10. SeI2
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

65. 11. SeBr2
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

66. 12. PBr3
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

67. 13. ClAt
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

68. 14. C I2Br2
Remember the number of dots an atom has before a bond forms can be found on the periodic table (dots represent valance electrons).

69. Type of Elements Involved Bond Type (Ionic or Covalent)
Bond Type Worksheet
Compound
Type of Elements Involved
Bond Type (Ionic or Covalent)
Dot Structure
H2O
 H=nonmetal O=nonmetal
Both are nonmetals so bond is COVALENT 
NaCl
 Na=metal Cl=nonmetal
 1 metal and 1 nonmetal so bond is IONIC
SI2

70. Type of Elements Involved Bond Type (Ionic or Covalent)
Bond Type Worksheet
Compound
Type of Elements Involved
Bond Type (Ionic or Covalent)
Dot Structure
CaF2
BrCl
NF3

71. Chemical Bonding Review
Define ionic bonding:
Transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal (ions form).

72. Chemical Bonding Review
Devine covalent bonding:
Sharing of electrons between 2 nonmetals (molecules form).

73. Chemical Bonding Review
Determine if the following bonds are covalent or ionic:
Remember 2 nonmetals together form covalent bonds.
1 metal and 1 nonmetal together form ionic bonds.
C-H
F-F
Li-Br
O-Si
K-I

74. Chemical Bonding Review
4. Determine if the following atoms will lose or gain electrons when forming ionic bonds Remember metals will lose electrons Nonmetals will gain electrons. Na Mg F S

75. Chemical Bonding Review
5. Draw the dot structure for the following covalent compounds: Sharing electrons=covalent H2O CH4 NF3 F2

76. Chemical Bonding Review
6. Draw the dot structure for the following ionic compounds: Transfer of electrons=ionic NaBr CaBr2