1. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
COMPARATIVE QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITAIVE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN TOOTH
Zenab Yaasir*, Hina Khalid*, A.Habib** , A.S Khan*
*Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
**School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, NUST, Islamabad
INTRODUCTION
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Human tooth has been reported to be composed of calcium
phosphate(mainly hydroxyapatite) and collagen.
Enamel contains 97% by weight (92% by vol.) of inorganic
material, 1% organic material and 2% water.
Dentine primarily consist of a microscopic filler phase
made up of apatite crystallites and an organic matrix
made up predominantly of collagen.
In this study, FTIR spectra of all tooth samples both longitudinal (L) and Transverse (T) cut
were obtained using FTIR spectrometer. Spectra were obtained in the mid infrared region
( cm-1)
at 8 cm-1 resolution, averaging 256 cm-1 scans
The following variance in peaks position and intensities was observed:
Phosphate group ( cm-1) : Predominant in both dentine and enamel upper layers.
Carbonate group ( cm-1)
Amide group ( cm-1)
XRD exhibited appearance of new peaks as well as changes in peak intensities.
Enamel showed Calcium/Phosphate
Dentine showed distinctive Whitolockites
SEM/EDS showed the following findings as illustrated in the table below:
It was observed that the Magnesium, Strontium and Sodium content was not significant
Furthermore, Calcium and Phosphorous content (% weight) was higher in Canine enamel and
Molar dentine ,when compared with other teeth.
Dentine
-0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
Photoacoustic
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Wavenumbers (cm-1)
CO3
cm-1 NH
cm-1
PO4
cm-1
Courtesy:
OBJECTIVES
To analyze and compare the in vitro structural, phase and
mineral composition of human enamel and dentine.
To establish specific protocols for comparison among different
tooth substrates.
METHOD
SAMPLE SELECTION
Extracted human non carious (N=8) :
Molar
Premolar
Canine
Incisors
(Total 32 teeth)
SAMPLE PREPARATION
Selected teeth were sliced transversally and longitudinally at a
distance of 1.5 mm.
All tooth samples were assigned to groups, i.e. Longitudinal (L)
and Transverse (T) and further sub divided according to analysis
method performed as mentioned below.
CHARACTERIZATION
Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy (FTIR)
X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS)
Enamel of canine (Lateral )
Dentine of canine (Lateral )
Canine(Lateral )
Dentin-pulp canal of canine(Lateral)
Enamel of Molar (Lateral )
Dentine of Molar (Lateral )
  MINERAL CONTENT
ENAMEL
DENTINE
Calcium/Phosphorous ↑
Fluorine
Carbon
Oxygen
Enamel at DEJ of Molar(Lateral)
REFERENCES
CONCLUSION
Cate, A.R. Ten, Oral Histology: development, structure, and function, 5th ed.,
St. Louis, Mo. London: Mosby, ISBN
Bath-Balogh, M. and Fehrenbach, M., "Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology,
Anatomy", 3rd ed., Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, ISBN
Gasga, Pinerio,Alvarez,Orozco,Garcia,et al., XRD and FTIR crystallinity indices in sound
human tooth enamel and synthetic Hydroxyapatite .Materials Science and Engineering C .
33:
This study provided a comprehensive quantitative data of human teeth and it
was found that average calcium-phosphate ratios of enamel and dentine was higher than that previously reported in literature.