1. Perancangan Basis Data
Understanding Normalization

2. Establishing a Business Model
What Is Normalization?
1st Normal Form (1NF)
2nd Normal Form (2NF)
3rd Normal Form (3NF)
Beyond 3rd Normal Form (3NF)
26/04/2018

3. What Is Normalization?
26/04/2018

4. What Is Normalization?
In general, normalization removes duplication and minimizes redundant of data.
The problem with the academic approach to normalization is that it seems to insist on always expecting a designer to apply every Normal Form layer in every situation
26/04/2018

5. The Concept of Anomalies
Insert anomaly
Caused when a record is added to a detail table, with no related record existing in a master table.
tabel_jurusan
tabel_fakultas
kode_fakultas
nama_fakultas
FAK01
Teknik
FAK02
Ekonomi
kode_jurusan
nama_jurusan
kode_fakultas
JUR01
Sistem Informasi
FAK01
JUR02
Teknik Informatika
JUR03
Akuntansi
FAK02
Insert
JUR04
Ilmu Komunikasi
FAK03
26/04/2018

6. The Concept of Anomalies
Delete anomaly
Caused when a record is deleted from a master table, without first deleting all sibling records, in a detail table.
tabel_jurusan
tabel_fakultas
kode_fakultas
nama_fakultas
FAK01
Teknik
FAK02
Ekonomi
kode_jurusan
nama_jurusan
kode_fakultas
JUR01
Sistem Informasi
FAK01
JUR02
Teknik Informatika
JUR03
Akuntansi
FAK02 ?
26/04/2018

7. Dependency, Determinants, and Other Jargon
Functional dependency
Y is functionally dependent on X if the value of Y is determined by X.
Determinants
The determinant in the description of functional dependency in the previous point is X because X determines the value Y, at least partially because 1 is added to X as well.
tabel_fakultas
kode_fakultas
nama_fakultas
FAK01
Teknik
FAK02
Ekonomi
FAK01 Determines that the faculty name is Teknik
Ekonomi is dependant on the code being FAK02
26/04/2018

8. Dependency, Determinants, and Other Jargon
Transitive dependency
Z is transitively dependent on X when X determines Y and Y determines Z. Transitive dependence thus describes that Z is indirectly dependent on X through its relationship with Y.
Contoh :
nim - > kode_jurusan
kode_jurusan -> kode_fakultas
Transitive : nim - > kode_fakultas
nim
kode_jurusan
kode_fakultas 05 1 09 02 2
26/04/2018

9. Dependency, Determinants, and Other Jargon
Full Functional dependency
This situation occurs where X determines Y, but X combined with Z does not determine Y.
In other words, Y depends on X and X alone.
If Y depends on X with anything else, there is not full functional dependence.
26/04/2018

10. Dependency, Determinants, and Other Jargon
Multiple valued dependency
A commonly used example of a multi-valued dependency is a field containing a comma-delimited list or collection of some kind.
26/04/2018

11. Dependency, Determinants, and Other Jargon
Cyclic dependency
The meaning of the word “cyclic” is a circular pattern, recurrent, closed ring, or a circular chain structure.
In other words, X relates to Y, Y relates to Z, and Z relates to X.
26/04/2018

12. Defining Normal Forms The Academic Way
The following are the precise academic definitions of Normal Forms :
1st Normal Form (1NF) – atomic
2nd Normal Form (2NF) – All non-key values must be fully functionally dependent on the primary key.
3rd Normal Form (3NF) – Eliminate transitive dependencies, meaning that a field is indirectly determined by the primary key.
Boyce Code Normal Form (BCNF) – Every determinant in a table is a candidate key. If there is only one candidate key, 3NF and BCNF are one and the same.
26/04/2018

13. Defining Normal Forms The Academic Way
The following are the precise academic definitions of Normal Forms :
4th Normal Form (4NF) – Eliminate multiple sets of multivalued dependencies
5th Normal Form (5NF) – Eliminate cyclic dependencies. 5NF is also known as Projection Normal Form (PJNF).
Domain Key Normal Form (DKNF) – DKNF is the ultimate application of normalization and is more a measurement of conceptual state, as opposed to a transformation process in itself.
26/04/2018