1. Chapter 15: Integumentary System
PowerPoint to accompany Medical Language for Modern Health Care, 3e Allan, Lockyer
Chapter 15:
Integumentary System
Talking Points:
By the end of this chapter the student will be able to apply the language of dermatology to the anatomy and physiology of the skin as well as the associated skin organs.

2. Keynote “Skin is the largest and most vulnerable organ in the body.”
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the overall structure, functions, and regions of the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Discuss the functions and structure of the skin.
Talking Points:
The skin receives more care and treatment than any other body system.
Ask students to describe the functions the skin plays in our physical well-being.
Ask students to describe how the skin plays an important part in our self-image—compare the self-esteem/self-image of those with a perfect complexion vs. those with acne.

3. Word Analysis and Definition
Define biopsy-removing tissue from a living person for laboratory examination
Define carcinoma-a malignant and invasive epithelial tumor
Define the prefix cryo—icy cold
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
Learning Objectives:
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
Biopsy is the removal and examination of tissue from a living person.
Carcinomas (cancerous masses) can develop in the skin or elsewhere and travel (metastasize) to other areas of the body.
The prefix cryo means cold. Cryosurgery (the application of freezing devices) is often used in the treatment of cancers of the skin, prostate, and cervix.

4. Word Analysis and Definition
Define the following terms
Dermatology—medical specialty concerned with disorders of the skin
Dermal--skin
Epidermis—top layer of skin
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
Learning Objectives:
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
What is the practice of dermatology? The study and treatment of the integumentary system
What is the name of the medical professional who treats the diseases of the skin? Dermatologist
Define the difference between dermis and epidermal. The dermis is the connective tissue layer of the skin beneath the epidermis; the epidermis is the outer layer of skin.

5. Word Analysis and Definition
Define each term and identify the root:
- microscopic --
*scope- instrument for viewing
- prognosis
*gnosis -knowledge
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
Learning Objectives:
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
What device is used to view something that cannot be seen by the naked eye? A microscope
What is the difference between a prognosis and a diagnosis? Gnosis means having a knowledge about a condition. Diagnosis is identifying an illness or condition; prognosis is having knowledge about the course of a condition or treatment.

6. Functions and Structure of the Skin
Functions of the Skin
- protection
- water resistance
- temperature regulation
- vitamin D synthesis
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the overall structure, functions, and regions of the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Discuss the functions and structure of the skin.
Talking Points:
From what does our skin protect us? The skin protects us from injury, chemicals, ultraviolet rays, microbes, and toxins.
Prevents water from leaking into or out of the body tissues.
Discuss the difference between vasodilation and vasoconstriction. Dilation is an expansion or opening up of a blood vessel; constriction is a narrowing or closing of a blood vessel.
Why is vitamin D so important? It is needed for bone growth and maintenance.

7. Functions and Structure of the Skin (cont.)
Functions of the Skin
- sensation
- excretion and secretion
- social functions
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the overall structure, functions, and regions of the skin.
LO Discuss the different layers of the skin and their functions.
LO Differentiate the different sites for injections in the skin and their effect.
LO Describe the common disorders, diseases, and infections of the skin.
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
LO Define the types of topical agents used in the treatment of skin disorders.
LO Match the accessory skin organs to their functions.
LO Describe disorders of the accessory skin organs.
LO Discuss burns and injuries to the skin.
LO Describe the healing of wounds to the skin.
Lesson 15.1 Learning Objectives:
Discuss the functions and structure of the skin.
Describe the Rule of Nines for estimating the surface area of the six different regions of the skin.
List the layers of the skin.
Name the tissues in the different layers of the skin.
Identify the functions of the different layers of the skin.
Describe disorders affecting the superficial layers of the skin, including cancers.
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Talking Points:
Our skin has more nerve endings than any other body part.
What sensations do the nerves on our skin detect? They detect touch, pressure, heat, cold, pain, vibration, and tissue injury.
What is secreted by the body through sweat glands? Water, salt, and products of cell metabolism
Why is sweating important? It regulates our temperature by cooling us when we are too hot.
Ask students how skin depicts our moods — examples — 1. The skin reddens when we are embarrassed or mad.
2. The skin pales when we are frightened or ill.
3. The facial skin wrinkles when we don’t like something.
4. Goose bumps occur when we are cold.

8. Functions and Structure of the Skin (cont.)
Epidermis
- protects underlying structures
- withstands pollution of life
- sheds superficial cells and renews them
- provides a waterproof barrier
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the overall structure, functions, and regions of the skin.
LO Discuss the different layers of the skin and their functions.
Learning Objectives:
Discuss the functions and structure of the skin.
List the layers of the skin.
Identify the functions of the different layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin.
The epidermis has no blood vessels in it.
Skin cells are continually shed and renewed throughout your lifetime.

9. Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the overall structure, functions, and regions of the skin.
LO Discuss the different layers of the skin and their functions.
Learning Objectives:
Discuss the functions and structure of the skin.
List the layers of the skin.
Identify the functions of the different layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
Use the figure to identify the various layers of the skin for the students.
The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis.
It is made up of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; these are dead cells with no nuclei. This is what you shed. (better known as dandruff from the scalp)
In what structures does the stratum lucidum exist? Palms, soles, fingers, and toes. What does it do?

10. Keynote
“The stratum granulosum waterproofs the skin
The stratum granulosum (or granular layer) is a thin layer of cells in the epidermis. Keratinocytes migrating from the underlying stratum spinosum become known as granular cells in this layer. in.”
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Discuss the different layers of the skin and their functions.
of skin disorders.
Learning Objectives:
Discuss the functions and structure of the skin.
Identify the functions of the different layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
The stratum granulosum waterproofs the skin using a lipid mixture that covers the surface of its cells.
The lipid mixture keeps the layers below the stratum granulosum moist and allows the layer above it to die and shed.
How do we see the skin shedding? Through dandruff, dry white flakes on our skin, skin peeling

11. Keynote
“The stratum spinosum holds the epidermis together. The stratum spinosum (or spinous layer/prickle cell layer)[1] is a layer of the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale.[2] Their spiny (Latin, spinosum) appearance is due to shrinking of the microfilaments between desmosomal that occurs when stained with H&E. Keratinization begins in the stratum spinosum.[3
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Discuss the different layers of the skin and their functions.
of skin disorders.
Learning Objectives:
Discuss the functions and structure of the skin.
Identify the functions of the different layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
The stratum spinosum layer is held tightly together and provides strength and firmness to the skin.
This layer was first identified in the 1600s by Marcello Malpighi (Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, edition 20.)

12. Functions and Structure of the Skin (cont.)
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the common disorders, diseases, and infections of the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Describe disorders affecting the superficial layers of the skin, including cancers.
Talking Points:
Use the figure to illustrate squamous cell cancer.
Squamous cell carcinoma originates in the stratum spinosum layer.
Ask students where squamous cell cancer is typically found on the body.
Squamous cell carcinoma

13. Functions and Structure of the Skin (cont.)
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the common disorders, diseases, and infections of the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Describe disorders affecting the superficial layers of the skin, including cancers.
Talking Points:
Use the figure to illustrate a form of cancer known as basal cell carcinoma which arises from the stratum basale.
The stratum basale is the bottom layer of the epidermis.
What are melanocytes? Cells that produce the dark pigment, melanin
What are melanocytes responsible for? They are responsible for the coloring of the skin.
How do we artificially darken/lighten our melanin? By tanning and applying tanning lotions to our skin, we can artificially darken our melanin. Fading creams and lotions, as well as lasers, can be used to lighten the melanin on an area of the body.
Basal cell carcinoma

14. Functions and Structure of the Skin (cont.)
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the common disorders, diseases, and infections of the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Describe disorders affecting the superficial layers of the skin, including cancers.
Talking Points:
Use the figure to illustrate malignant melanoma.
Malignant melanoma arises from the stratum basale.
It is the least common form of skin cancer but the most deadly form.
Does it metastasize rapidly or slowly? Rapidly
Malignant melanoma

15. Word Analysis and Definition
Identify the root/ combining form and define the term:
- melanin melan black
- melanocyte melan o black cell
- melanoma melan oma black tumor
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
Learning Objectives:
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
Which element remains the same in these terms and what does it mean? Melan, which means black
Define the term melanocyte. Cell that synthesizes (produces) melanin
Malignant melanoma is a type of cancer which is formed from the cells that produce melanin. It usually begins as an irregularly shaped black mole; the cancer cells can spread throughout the body.
What are the risk factors for developing malignant melanoma? Blistering sunburns, numerous moles, previous and family history, and ultra-violet radiation

16. Word Analysis and Definition
From the following terms, identify the
noun, verb, and adjective:
- metastasis noun
- metastasize verb
- metastatic adj
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
Learning Objectives:
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
Identify the noun from the above terms. Metastasis
Identify the verb from the above terms. Metastasize
Identify the adjective from the above terms. Metastatic
Define the term metastasis. Having the ability to spread from one area of the body to another

17. Dermis Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Discuss the different layers of the skin and their functions.
Learning Objectives:
Discuss the functions and structure of the skin.
List the layers of the skin.
Name the tissues in the different layers of the skin.
Identify the functions of the different layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
The dermis is the thick layer of connective tissue that is found under the epidermis.
This layer contains blood vessels, sweat glands, nerves, hair follicles, and nails.
Epidermal ridges prevent the dermis and epidermis from slipping on one another and provide our fingerprints.
Use the figure to demonstrate the structures found within the dermis.

18. Dermis - hypodermis 1. subcutaneous layer
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Discuss the different layers of the skin and their functions.
Learning Objectives:
Discuss the functions and structure of the skin.
List the layers of the skin.
Name the tissues in the different layers of the skin.
Identify the functions of the different layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
The hypodermis lies directly below the dermis.
The hypodermis is also known as the subcutaneous layer.
This layer contains adipose tissue.
Define adipose. Adipose is fat tissue.

19. Injections intradermal Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Differentiate the different sites for injections in the skin and their effect.
Learning Objectives:
Name the tissues in the different layers of the skin.
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
An intradermal injection is given between the layers of the dermis.
What types of injections are given here? TB (tuberculosis test) and allergy testing are done here.
Intradermal injections produce a wheal. What is a wheal? A raised “bleb”

20. Injections - subcutaneous Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Differentiate the different sites for injections in the skin and their effect.
Learning Objectives:
Name the tissues in the different layers of the skin.
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
Use this figure to illustrate the subcutaneous layer.
What types of injections are usually given in the subcutaneous layer? Insulin
SC is the abbreviation for subcutaneous.

21. Injections - intramuscular Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Differentiate the different sites for injections in the skin and their effect.
Learning Objectives:
Name the tissues in the different layers of the skin.
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
Use figure to demonstrate needle placement for an intramuscular injection.
Define intramuscular. Within a muscle
What types of medications are injected using this technique? Antibiotics, pain medications, and tetanus shots
IM is the abbreviation for intramuscular.

22. Functions and Structure of the Skin (cont.)
Transdermal Applications
- administered through the skin
- action—diffuses through the epidermis and enters the blood vessels in the dermis
- examples—nitroglycerine, testosterone, nicotine, birthcontrol
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Differentiate the different sites for injections in the skin and their effect.
Learning Objectives:
Name the tissues in the different layers of the skin.
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
Transdermal applications are medications placed on the skin which diffuse across the epidermis and enter the blood vessels in the dermis.
Medications are placed on a special semi-permeable membrane material that allows for slow absorption of the medication through the skin.
Examples of transdermal medications include cardiac medication, birth control patches, nicotine patches, motion sickness patches, and hormone replacements such as testosterone patches.

23. Word Analysis and Review
Identify the common roots of the terms and define the term:
- papilla papill small pimple
- papillae plural of papilla
- papilloma pimple
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
Learning Objectives:
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
Which words share the same element? Papilla, papillae, and papilloma share the same element—papill.
Define the shared element. Papill means nipple-shaped protuberance or pimple.
Identify the plural form from the terms above. Papillae

24. Disorders of the Skin Decubitus Ulcers
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the common disorders, diseases, and infections of the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Describe common disorders of the skin.
Talking Points:
Decubitus ulcers are also known as pressure sores. They are a serious complication for bed-ridden patients. They are caused by constant pressure between the bed and a bony projection like the heel or lower spine.
Ask students to identify areas on the body which are particularly susceptible to developing decubiti. Heels, elbows, buttocks, and hips
Use the figure to illustrate a decubitus ulcer.
When a person lays on an area and cuts off the blood supply these ulcers can appear.

25. Disorders of the Skin (cont.)
Dermatitis—inflammation of the skin
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the common disorders, diseases, and infections of the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Describe common disorders of the skin.
Talking Points:
Dermatitis is an inflammation of the dermis.
What is an allergen? Any substance that causes an immune reaction
Have students give examples of allergens that can cause allergic dermatitis. Poison oak/ivy, latex, cosmetics, lotions, soaps, clothing fibers, etc. (anything that comes in contact with the skin can be an allergen)
Define pruritus. An itch

26. Disorders of the Skin (cont.)
Eczema
- excoriation is red dry sensitive skin usually as a result of scratching
Sunlight—can cause sunburn and lead to skin CA
Nevus—any congenital lesion of the skin
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the common disorders, diseases, and infections of the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Describe common disorders of the skin.
Talking Points:
Eczema is an itchy, red rash that weeps serous fluid and may become crusted or scaly.
Excoriation refers to scratch marks.
Allergic dermatitis may lead to eczema.
Why is sunlight a danger to skin health? It can cause burning and cause cancers to develop.
Define nevus. Any congenital or acquired lesion of the skin
Ask students to identify any nevi they may have.

27. Define the root of the following terms:
Allerg is greek for other work—substance producing a hypersesitivity
- allergen allergenic adj
- allergy - allergic adj
The element gen is defined as? Gen means producing
Identify the two adjectives from the terms
above.
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
Learning Objectives:
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
What is the meaning of the common element from the terms listed? Aller, meaning allergy
What is the meaning of the element gen? Producing
Identify the two adjective terms from those listed. Allergenic and allergic

28. Identify the difference between the following terms:
- infection —invasion of the body by disease producing microorganisms
- infestation—act of being invaded on the skin by troublesome other species, such as a parasite.
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
Learning Objectives:
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
Infection is an invasion of the body by disease-producing organisms.
Ask students to identify routes of invasion–skin, respiratory tract, eye, etc.
Infestation is to dwell on the skin by a troublesome other species such as a parasite.
Ask students to define a parasite. An organism that attaches itself to and derives its nutrition from another organism–the host.
Ask students to give examples of a parasite. Lice, scabies

29. Disorders of the Skin (cont.)
Infections of the Skin
- viral infections
1. human papillomavirus
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the common disorders, diseases, and infections of the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Describe common disorders of the skin.
Talking Points:
What virus causes warts? Human papillomavirus
The human papillomavirus invades what layer of skin? Epidermis
Use the figure to demonstrate what a wart looks like.
Have students note the rough projection caused by the virus of the outer epidermal cells.
Ask any student who has a wart to show it.

30. Disorders of the Skin (cont.)
Infections of the Skin
- fungal infections
1. tinea
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the common disorders, diseases, and infections of the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Describe common disorders of the skin.
Talking Points:
Define the term tinea. A group of related skin infections caused by different species of fungi
Where do fungi live on the skin? Fungi are found on the non-living stratum corneum and its derivatives, hair and nails.
Where is tinea pedis found? On the foot. It is better known as athlete’s foot.
Use the figure to illustrate tinea pedis.
What are the locations of the following fungal infections?
tinea capitis? scalp
tinea corporis? body
tinea cruris? groin
tinea versicolor? trunk of body

31. Disorders of the Skin (cont.)
Infections of the Skin
- yeast-like fungus
1. candida and thrush
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the common disorders, diseases, and infections of the skin.
.Learning Objectives:
Describe common disorders of the skin.
Talking Points:
Can Candida cause recurrent infections? Yes
Name a recurrent infection caused by Candida. Thrush
Thrush is commonly seen in infants who are bottle-fed, people with impaired immune systems, and older adults with poor oral hygiene. It is characterized by white, hair-like growths on the tongue.
Use the figure to illustrate thrush to your students.

32. Disorders of the Skin (cont.)
Infections of the Skin
- parasitic infections
1. parasite—lives in contact with and feeds off another organism
2. infestation—scabies, lice
3. lice—pediculosis
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the common disorders, diseases, and infections of the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Describe common disorders of the skin.
Talking Points:
Define parasite. A parasite is an organism that lives in contact with and feeds off another organism.
Describe how an infestation differs from an infection. An infestation is a parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin and its appendages; an infection is a disease caused by microorganisms which release toxins or invade body tissues.
Lice are small, living, bud-like parasites that require a host on which to live. Compare lice to fleas on a dog.
Pediculosis is the name of the disease caused by an infestation with lice.
Define itch mite. An itch mite is a parasite that lays eggs under the skin.
An infestation with the itch mite produces scabies.
The symptom of scabies is an intense, itching rash.

33. Disorders of the Skin (cont.)
Infections of the Skin
- parasitic infestations
4. itch mite
5. house dust mites—
lives on keratin cells
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the common disorders, diseases, and infections of the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Describe common disorders of the skin.
Talking Points:
Use this slide to demonstrate the house dust mite.
What objects do dust mites live on?
What part of the mite causes an allergic response in humans?

34. - bacterial infections
Infections of the Skin
- bacterial infections
1. Staphylococcus aureus—causes pimples, boils, carbuncles and impetigo, cellutitis of the dpidermis and dermis. Necrotizing fascitis is cause when some strains produce enzymes that digest connective tissue
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the common disorders, diseases, and infections of the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Describe common disorders of the skin.
Talking Points:
Have students identify skin infections often caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus is the cause of pimples, boils, carbuncles, and impetigo.
Staphylococcus aureus is often shortened to staph.

35. Word Analysis and Definition
Describe the differences between the following terms:
- furuncle –an infected hair follicle that spreads to other follicles
- carbuncle –many furuncles in a small area
- verruca—wart caused by a virus
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
Learning Objectives:
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
Describe the differences between the three terms listed above:
A furuncle is an infected hair follicle that spreads into the tissues around the follicle.
A carbuncle is an infection of many furuncles in a small area, often on the back of the neck.
A verruca is a wart caused by a virus.

36. 1. SLE—systemic lupus erythematosus
Diseases of the Skin
- collagen diseases
1. SLE—systemic lupus erythematosus
2. rosacea—produces a bumpy red rash
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the common disorders, diseases, and infections of the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Describe common disorders of the skin.
Talking Points:
What is collagen and what do collagen diseases attack? Collagen is a fibrous protein; collagen diseases attack collagen or other components of connective tissue.
Describe systemic lupus erythematosus and state its most common feature. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease, occurs most commonly in women and produces skin lesions. Its most characteristic feature is a butterfly-shaped, red rash on both cheeks joined across the bridge of the nose.
Use the figure to illustrate the mask of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Rosacea is a rash that looks similar to SLE. It is produced by enlarged capillaries.

37. Diseases of the Skin - collagen diseases
3. scleroderma—chronic persistent autoimmune disease, characterized by hardening and shrinking of the skin
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the common disorders, diseases, and infections of the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Describe common disorders of the skin.
Talking Points:
Define scleroderma. Scleroderma is a chronic, persistent autoimmune disease characterized by hardening and shrinking of the skin that makes it feel leathery.
In which gender does scleroderma occur most often? Women
What other organs can scleroderma attack? Heart, lungs, kidneys, organs of the digestive tract, and joints
Use the figure to illustrate scleroderma.

38. Other Diseases of the Skin
psoriasis –marked by itchy, flaky, red patches of skin of various sizes covered with white or silvery scales
- vitiligo—pale irregular patches of skin. Thought to have a auto-immune etiology
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the common disorders, diseases, and infections of the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Describe common disorders of the skin.
Talking Points:
Define psoriasis. Psoriasis is itchy, flaky, red patches of skin of various sizes covered with white or silvery scales.
Describe vitiligo. Vitiligo produces pale, irregular patches of skin.
Which of the two conditions has no cure? Vitiligo
Use the figure to illustrate psoriasis.

39. - skin manifestations of internal disease
Diseases of the Skin
- skin manifestations of internal disease
below shows periorbital rash of dermatomyositis often appears 4 to five years before ovarian CA.
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the common disorders, diseases, and infections of the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Describe common disorders of the skin.
Talking Points:
Define dermatomyositis. Dermatomyositis is often associated with ovarian cancer. It is a reddish-purple rash around the eyes that can also be seen over the knuckles, elbows, and knees. It occurs 4-5 years before ovarian cancer develops. It is a precursor to ovarian cancer.
Use the figure to illustrate the rash found around the eyes.
What other diseases of the skin are associated with rashes found on the face? Rosacea and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

40. Define the following pharmacological agents:
antipruritic—medication against itching
corticosteroid-a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex
antibacterials-topical agents that kill bacteria on the skin
antifungals-topical agents that inhibit the growth of fungi
parasiticides-topical agents that kill parasites living on the skin
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
Learning Objectives:
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
Antipruritics are used topically (applied to the skin).
Hydrocortisone is the most common corticosteroid.
Which antibiotic is frequently used in an ointment form? Neomycin
Give an example of an antifungal. Lamisil
What agent is commonly used to kill lice? Lindane 1%

41. Define the following pharmacological agents:
keratolytics—topical agents that peel away the stratum corneum from the epidermal layers
anesthetics—substance that takes away feeling and pain
retinoids—derivatives of retinoic acid that are use in the treatment of acne
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
Learning Objectives:
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
Which layer of skin do keratolytics peel away? Stratum corneum
What common personal hygiene product are they found in? Dandruff shampoo
Anesthetics relieve pain/or itching.
Retinoids are derivatives of what acid? Retinoic acid
Retinoids are used to treat what skin condition? Acne

42. Word Analysis and Definition
Identify and define the common root or combining form in the following terms:
- pharmacology pharmac/o drug
- pharmacologic o
- pharmacist
- pharmacy
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
Learning Objectives:
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
Identify and define the common root of the above terms. Pharmac/o is the root and it means drug.
Define pharmacology. It is the science of the preparation, uses, and effects of drugs.
What is the difference between a pharmacy and a pharmacist? A pharmacy is a facility licensed to prepare and dispense drugs. A pharmacist is a specially trained person licensed by the state to prepare and dispense drugs.

43. Accessory Skin Organs Hair Follicles and Sebaceous Glands
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Match the accessory skin organs to their functions.
Learning Objectives:
Name the associated skin organs.
Identify the anatomy, and physiology of the associated skin organs.
Talking Points:
Use the figure to illustrate the hair follicle and the associated sebaceous gland.
What do sebaceous glands secrete? Sebum
What triggers an excess production of sebum? Male hormones called androgens.
What disease is this associated with? Acne
Has any student in the class ever had acne?

44. Accessory Skin Organs (cont.)
Hair Follicles and Sebaceous Glands
- acne
- seborrheic dermatitis
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Match the accessory skin organs to their functions.
LO Describe disorders of the accessory skin organs.
Learning Objectives:
Name the associated skin organs.
Identify the anatomy, and physiology of the associated skin organs.
Talking Points:
Use the figure to illustrate acne.
What is acne? Bacteria-filled pustules
At what ages are patients particularly prone to this skin disorder? Between ages of 12 and 25 years.
Where is seborrheic dermatitis most often found? On the skin around the face and scalp
What does seborrheic dermatitis produce? Dandruff
In infants, seborrheic dermatitis is known as what? Cadle cap

45. seborrhea – root seb/ o means sebum suffix rrhea flow
From the terms below, identify the suffix, the combining form, the adjective form, and define the term:
seborrhea – root seb/ o means sebum suffix rrhea flow
defined as: excessive amount of sebum
seborrheic adjective ic means pertaining to
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
Learning Objectives:
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
Identify the noun and the adjective. The noun is seborrhea; the adjective is seborrheic.
Define the suffix, rrhea. Rrhea means to flow.
Define seborrhea. Excessive amount of sebum

46. Hair Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Match the accessory skin organs to their functions.
Learning Objectives:
Name the associated skin organs.
Identify the anatomy, and physiology of the associated skin organs.
Talking Points:
Hair originates from what cells? Epidermal
Name the three layers of hair. Medulla, cortex and cuticle
Which layer of the hair carries the pigment? Cortex

47. Keynotes
“Genes, hormones, and pigment determine hair characteristics.”
Talking Points:
Straight hair is round in cross-section; curly hair is oval in cross-section.
Define alopecia. Thinning of the hair

48. Keynotes “Body hair has no specific function.” Talking Points:
Where is axillary hair found? Under the arms
What purpose did hair serve during our evolutionary process? It provided warmth. 48

49. cortex— root noun singular cortices—plural – cortical – adj
Identify the root, noun, singular and pleural, and adjective in the following words:
cortex— root noun singular
cortices—plural –
cortical – adj
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
Learning Objectives:
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
Define the meaning of the root, cor. Cor is defined as an outer layer of an organ.
Identify the noun, plural form, and adjective from the terms on the slide.
Cortex is the noun, cortices is the plural form, and cortical is the adjective form of the noun.

50. types of glands 1. merocrine—ex sweat 2
types of glands 1. merocrine—ex sweat 2. apocrine—secrete thick secretions that have pheromones 3. ceruminous—secrete ear wax 4. mammary—secrete milk
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Match the accessory skin organs to their functions.
Learning Objectives:
Name the associated skin organs.
Identify the anatomy, and physiology of the associated skin organs.
Talking Points:
Where are the merocrine glands found on the body? All over the body, but they are concentrated in the palms, soles and forehead
Which gland produces a thick, cloudy secretion that produces a distinct smell? Apocrine sweat glands
Name the gland which is only found in the external ear canal. Ceruminous gland
Which gland is part of the female reproduction system? Mammary gland

51. Sweat Glands Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Match the accessory skin organs to their functions.
Learning Objectives:
Name the associated skin organs.
Identify the anatomy, and physiology of the associated skin organs.
Talking Points:
Use the figure to illustrate glands.
Point out the sites of the different types of sweat glands

52. Nails Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Match the accessory skin organs to their functions.
Learning Objectives:
Name the associated skin organs.
Identify the anatomy, and physiology of the associated skin organs.
Talking Points:
Use this figure to illustrate the anatomy of a nail.
From what layer of skin are nails formed? Stratum corneum
Fingernails grow about 1mm per week.
The eponychium is better known as what? The cuticle

53. Accessory Skin Organs Nails - diseases of nails
1. onychomycosis—fungal infections
2. paronychia—a bacterial infection, usually staff
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Match the accessory skin organs to their functions.
LO Describe disorders of the accessory skin organs.
Learning Objectives:
Name the associated skin organs.
Identify the anatomy, and physiology of the associated skin organs.
Talking Points:
Note that the nail becomes brittle and cracked.
Fifty percent of all nail disorders are caused by fungus.
What activities cause continually moist or damp nails? Frequent hand washing, warmth, poor hygiene
Define paronychia. A bacterial infection of the nail
What is the most common bacteria to cause paronychia? Staphylococcus
Nails can also reflect systemic illnesses or conditions such as hypoxia and malnutrition.

54. Identify and define the root of the following words:
- apocrine root crine means secrete
- hypoxia root ox means oxygen
- onychomycosis root onch/o nail root myc fungus
- pheromone root omone excite stimulate
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
Lesson 15.1 Learning Objectives:
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
Ask students to identify and define the meaning of the element roots above.
Crine means secrete.
Oxia means oxygen.
Onycho means nail.
Omone means to excite or stimulate.

55. Lesson 15.4: Burns and Injuries to the Skin
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Describe the overall structure, functions, and regions of the skin.
LO Discuss the different layers of the skin and their functions.
LO Differentiate the different sites for injections in the skin and their effect.
LO Describe the common disorders, diseases, and infections of the skin
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
LO Define the types of topical agents used in the treatment of skin disorders.
LO Match the accessory skin organs to their functions.
LO Describe disorders of the accessory skin organs.
LO Discuss burns and injuries to the skin.
LO Describe the healing of wounds to the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Distinguish the four types of burns.
Describe the inflammatory process of the skin when it is injured.
Explain the process of healing and repair of the skin.
Describe wounds, burns, and the process of healing and repair.
Talking Points:
Skin protects our internal organs. It can be damaged due to many types of injuries. One severe type of injury to skin is burns.

56. Keynote
“Sunburn causes a first-degree burn. Scalds can cause a second-degree burn. House fires with prolonged flame contact can cause a third-degree burn. High-voltage electrical injury can cause a fourth-degree burn.”
Talking Points:
Burns can occur in four degrees.
Not all burns require medical treatment.
Burns will cause the body to lose fluid and expose the body to infection.

57. Burns and Injuries to the Skin
- first-degree
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Discuss burns and injuries to the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Distinguish the four types of burns.
Describe wounds, burns, and the process of healing and repair.
Talking Points:
Use the figure to illustrate a first-degree burn.
First degree burns are known as superficial burns.
What can cause a first degree burn? Prolonged exposure to sun, or short exposure to a hot surface
Often first degree burns require no medical treatment and leave little to no scarring.

58. Burns - second-degree Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Discuss burns and injuries to the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Distinguish the four types of burns.
Describe wounds, burns, and the process of healing and repair.
Talking Points:
Use the figure to illustrate a second-degree burn.
What layers are affected in a second-degree burn? The epidermis and dermis
Second-degree burns are known as partial thickness burns.
They require medical attention and may produce scarring.
What are signs of a second-degree burn? Redness, blisters, and severe pain

59. Burns - third-degree - fourth-degree Includes muscles Tendons and
Sometimes bones
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Discuss burns and injuries to the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Distinguish the four types of burns.
Describe wounds, burns, and the process of healing and repair.
Talking Points:
Use the figure to illustrate a third-degree burn.
What layers are affected in a third-degree burn? The epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue
Third-degree burns are known as full-thickness burns.
They require medical attention and require skin grafting.
What can cause a fourth degree burn? Exposure to high-voltage electricity
What structures are destroyed in a fourth-degree burn? The skin, bone, muscle, and tendon
Burn injuries to lungs from heat or smoke causes 60% of burn fatalities.

60. Word Analysis and Definition
Auto/graft uses individuals own tissue
Homo/graft species to species
Allo/graft from another individual
Xeno/graft from another species
Hetero/graft from another species
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
LO Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
Learning Objectives:
Apply correct medical terminology to the anatomy, physiology, and disorders of the superficial layers of the skin.
Talking Points:
All of the above words share a common root word; define the root. The root is graft and it means transplant.
Which of the following prefixes share common definitions? Auto and homo; allo, xeno, and hetero.
Define the following prefixes:
Auto means self.
Homo means same, alike.
Allo means other.
Xeno means foreign.
Hetero means different.

61. Burns and Injuries to the Skin (cont.)
Wounds and Tissue Repair
- suturing—stitches,
Staples or strips that bring
The edges of skin together
- keloids—abnormal
Overgrowth of scar tissue
Chapter 15 Learning Outcomes:
LO Discuss burns and injuries to the skin.
LO Describe the healing of wounds to the skin.
Learning Objectives:
Describe the inflammatory process of the skin when it is injured.
Explain the process of healing and repair of the skin.
Describe wounds, burns, and the process of healing and repair.
Talking Points:
Suturing is manually bringing the edges of a wound together.
Suturing material can be either nonabsorbable, absorbable, or liquid adhesives.
Keloids form when excessive fibrosis occurs in the wound making the scar raised, irregular, and lumpy.
Keloid of the earlob