1. From whose perspective...?
POINT of VIEW
From whose perspective...?

2. Objective
Students can identify different points of view in different types of text.
Students can understand how POV affects a text.
Question
Have any of you had an incident where you and your friend had different versions of the same story?
Why were the versions different?

3. Different Perspectives

4. 1st Person POV
I, me, my, we, our…

5. Story is told from a main character’s POV
First person Narrator
Uses “I”
Story is told from a main character’s POV

6. First person Narrator Benefits:
Readers see events from the perspective of an important character
Readers often understand the main character better and see personal growth
Reader may get attached to main character more
Persuasive Texts - helps to identify author's position on the topic/issue

7. Detriments: First person Narrator
The narrator may be unreliable—insane, naïve, deceptive, narrow minded etc...
Readers see only one perspective

8. First person Narrator
“If you really want to hear about it, the first thing you’ll probably want to know is where I was born, and what my lousy childhood was like, and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap, but I don’t feel like going into it, if you want to know the truth.  In the first place, that stuff bores me, and in the second place, my parents would have about two hemorrhages apiece if I told anything pretty personal about them.”                    
--J.D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye (1951)

9. First person Narrator
True--nervous--very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad?  The disease had sharpened my senses--not destroyed--not dulled them.  Above all was the sense of hearing acute.  I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth.  I heard many things in hell.  How, then, am I mad?  Hearken!  and observe how healthily--how calmly I can tell you the whole story.
                  --Edgar Allan Poe, “The Tell-Tale Heart” (1850)

10. 2nd Person POV
You, yours, your, yourself

11. A second-person POV is rare Uses “you” and presents commands
Often the narrator is speaking to him/herself

12. Advantages and Disadvantages
Narrative - Makes you feel like you are a character in the story (more involved).
Useful for “How-To” - clear directions
Disadvantages:
Narrative - difficult to write well
Can be awkward to read
Can have an accusing tone

13. 2nd Person POV
“Wash the white clothes on Monday and put them on the stone heap; wash the color clothes on Tuesday and put them on the clothesline to dry; don't walk barehead in the hot sun; cook pumpkin fritters in very hot sweet oil; soak your little cloths right after you take them off; when buying cotton to make yourself a nice blouse, be sure that it doesn't have gum on it, because that way it won't hold up well after a wash; soak salt fish overnight before you cook it;”
--Jamaica Kincaid, “Girl”

14. 3rd Person POV
Omniscient
Limited Omniscient
Objective

15. 3rd Person POV: Omniscient
Omniscient = all knowing…the narrator can see into the minds of all characters

16. 3rd Person POV: Omniscient
godlike narrator; he/she can enter character's minds and know everything that is going on, past, present, and future.
May be a narrator outside the text

17. 3rd Person POV: Omniscient
Advantage
We get to know the thoughts and feelings of more than one character.
Multiple points of view on same story.
The reader often knows things the characters don't even know yet.
Often more objective than 1st person.

18. 3rd Person POV: Omniscient
Disadvantage
More Impersonal than 1st person
Can become confusing/ overwhelming

19. 3rd Person POV: Omniscient
“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way--in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its nosiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.”
            --Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities (1859)

20. 3rd Person POV: Limited Omniscient
Narrator can see into ONE character’s mind.

21. 3rd Person POV: Limited Omniscient
All characters have thought privacy except ONE.

22. 3rd Person POV: Limited Omniscient
Gives the impression that we are very close to the mind of that ONE character, though viewing it from a distance.

23. 3rd Person POV: Limited Omniscient
Sometimes this narrator can be too focused or may impose his/her own opinions with no grounds.

24. Advantages and Disadvantages
More objective than 1st person
Gives the impression that we are very close to the mind of that ONE character, though viewing it from a distance.
Disadvantages:
More Impersonal than 1st person
Less depth to main character

25. 3rd Person POV: Limited Omniscient
The girl he loved was shy and quick and the smallest in the class, and usually she said nothing, but one day she opened her mouth and roared, and when the teacher--it was French class--asked her what she was doing, she said, in French, I am a lion, and he wanted to smell her breath and put his hand against the rumblings in her throat.
--Elizabeth Graver, “The Boy Who Fell Forty Feet” (1993)

26. 3rd Person POV: Objective
Narrator only describes and does not enter characters’ thoughts.

27. 3rd Person POV: Objective
Like a video camera, the narrator reports what happens and what the characters are saying.

28. 3rd Person POV: Objective
The narrator adds no comment about how the characters are feeling.

29. 3rd Person POV: Objective
The narrator offers no comment on the mood of the setting—no mention of awkwardness, ease, tension etc...

30. 3rd Person POV: Objective
The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green.  The people of the village began to gather in the square, between the post office and the bank, around ten o’clock; in some towns there were so many people that the lottery took two days and had to be started on June 26th, but in this village, where there were only about three hundred people, the whole lottery took less than two hours, so it could begin at ten o’clock in the morning and still be through in time to allow the villagers to get home for noon dinner.
            --Shirley Jackson, “The Lottery” (1948)

31. Assignment
Option 1: Choose a villain from a popular fairy tale, story, or movie. Create a story in which the villain is actually good.
Option 2: Choose an inanimate object. Create a story revolving that inanimate object.
1 page double spaced story
cover page (name, date, period, story title, and rationale paragraph)
Rationale paragraph: What is the point of view and how do you know? Why did you choose that point of view?

32. POINT of VIEW Remember, Point of View =
Who is telling the story and how much they contribute.
The end.