1. Researching Global Water Issues: Introduction to Ion Chromatography Research-Based, Interdisciplinary STEM Education (RISE)

2. Interdisciplinary Investigations (IDI)-LAB
Chemistry 161 Lab
Chemistry 162
Lab
Chemistry 163
Lab
Instrumentation
Investigative Thinking
3-5 week research Project
Investigative Thinking
This Investigation
Pre-Lab
Part 1: Conceptual Understanding IC
Part 2: Wet-Lab - Solution Preparation and Analysis using the IC
Part 3: Seminar-Scientific Literature
Part 4: Representing Results & IDI Challenge
Post-lab Assignment
Introduction to instrumentation
Before Day 1: have a prelab discussion before meeting to do the lab. Go through prelab calculations that they will be doing and also the first 6 slides (to the IC tour/IC drawing) This can all be done before meeting on day 1 in a hybrid if a video has been made to follow the powerpoint.
First 2 slides -2-3 minutes

3. What Issues do you know about?
Global Water Crisis
The availability of clean and plentiful water is fast becoming one the most pressing global challenges, with far-reaching consequences for the health and well-being of all living organisms.
What Issues do you know about?
Watch 1 or both depending on time.
Ted talk: 16 minutes
Science Nation: 3 minutes
Longer Documentary on Water Politics – Flow For the Love of Water

4. Global Water Crisis – Focus on F-
Lets Watch!
American Chemical Society:
Fluoride & Teeth
ScienceNation:
Fluorosis in Africa
Could assign as pre-lab. If not, then 20 minutes
Ted talk: 16 minutes (stop at 11:30)
Science Nation: 3 minutes
Longer Documentary on Water Politics – Flow For the Love of Water

5. Part 1: Introduction to Ion Chromatography
How do we know if water contains too much Fluoride (F-)?
Chromatography: Chromatography is a general term used to describe a collection of laboratory techniques designed to separate mixtures
Fun Animation of General Idea
Add chromatograph to this slide, or draw on board.

6. Part 1: Introduction to Ion Chromatography

7. Part 1: Introduction to Ion Chromatography
Groups of 4 researchers needed for this project.
Let’s take a Tour of North’s IC!

8. Complete Part 1 with your Group
Part 1: Introduction to Ion Chromatography
Complete Part 1 with your Group

9. Part 1: Introduction to Ion Chromatography
Anion Exchange

10. Part 1: Introduction to Ion Chromatography
Cation Peaks
1. lithium (Li+)
2. sodium (Na+)
3. ammonium (NH4+)
4. potassium (K+)
5. unknown
6. unknown
7. magnesium (Mg2+)
8. calcium (Ca2+)

11. Part 1: Introduction to Ion Chromatography
sulfate (SO42-)
nitrate (NO3-)
fluoride (F-)
chloride (Cl-)
bromide (Br-)
phosphate (PO43-)
nitrite (NO2-)

12. Part 2: Wet-Lab – Solution Preparation & Analysis Using the IC
Take out your Prelab assignment and compare calculations with your group members.
2. Be sure to use ultrapure water today
3. Be sure to use proper technique for both the micropipettes and volumetric flask.

13. Part 3: Seminar Assignment for Next Time: 1. Read the article
“Second Thoughts about Fluoride”
by Dan Fagin
2. Write a summary of the article
3. Write three questions about the article
4. Bring the summary and questions with you to class and be prepared to participate in an in-class seminar

14. Part 4: Representing Results
Students receive 7 chromatographs: 0, 10, 20, 50,100, 200 micromolar and an overlay. Explain calibration curve from standards and how area under the peak is used to determine concentration.
sulfate (SO42-)
nitrate (NO3-)
fluoride (F-)
chloride (Cl-)
bromide (Br-)
phosphate (PO43-)
nitrite (NO2-)

15. Part 4: Representing Results & Challenge

16. Part 4: Representing Results & Challenge
Identify the retention time of fluoride (F-). Are there any other peaks in your chromatograph? If so, discuss what these might be.
Make a table including the known concentration of each solution and the given area under each of these peaks.
Use Excel to create a calibration curve using your known solution concentrations and the IC results.  

17. Part 4: Representing Results & Challenge
What is the F- concentration in the two water samples?
What did the fluoride ion concentrations you determined tell you about these municipalities?
Discuss in your group what you think about the controversy over fluoride as an additive to public drinking water.

18. Part 4: Representing Results & Challenge
What is the F- concentration in the two water samples?
What did the fluoride ion concentrations you determined tell you about these municipalities?
Discuss in your group what you think about the controversy over fluoride as an additive to public drinking water.