1. Water Chemistry

2. Water Chemistry Hardness Turbidity Dissolved oxygen Carbon dioxide
Temperature
Salinity Ph
Nitrate
Nitrite
Ammonia

3. Hardness
What is the hardness of water? Why is it important to measure it?

4. Hardness
Dependent on the amount of dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water
The higher the amount, the harder the water
Why does this matter to us?
Hardness
Mg/L of Particulates
Soft
0-60
Moderately Hard
61-120
Hard
Very Hard
180

5. turbidity
What is turbidity?
Why is this important to measure?

6. turbidity The clarity of the water (visibility)
The clarity of the water (visibility)
 How much light can penetrate the water
 The particulates in the water
Measured with sensors or secchi disks
Usually clearer water is cleaner but that does not mean that does not always correlate with the productivity of the water

7. Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
What is dissolved oxygen?
Why is it important?

8. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Amount of oxygen dissolved in the water
Exchange of gases happen between the atmosphere and bodies of water any time there is turbulence
Measured with DO Probes
Important for the survival of the organisms

9. Salinity
What is salinity?
What is it important?

10. Salinity The Amount of dissolved salts in the water
Salinity
The Amount of dissolved salts in the water
Fresh water (0-0.5 parts per thousand)
Salt Water (35 ppt)
Brackish Water ( ppt)
Measured with Salinometer, Refractometer, or hydrometer (examples on table)
Salt water organisms cannot live in fresh water organisms (there are some exceptions)
Salinity of most areas stay consistent other than naturally brackish areas, why?

11. Temperature
Different organisms can live in different temperature ranges
Some thrive in warm while others thrive in cooler waters
Measured by thermometer

12. Ph (Power of Hydrogen)
What is ph?
Why is it important?

13. Ph (Power of Hydrogen)
Measures the amount of H+ (Hydrogen Ions) and OH- Hydroxyl ions
Logarithmic Scale, every step is 10x more than the last
Scale
O-6 (acidic, h+>OH-)
7 (neutral, H+=OH-)
8-17 (H+<OH-)
Fresh water pH = 6-8
Seawater=

14. Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia

15. Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia
Nitrogen products
Nitrate-used by photosynthetic organism in growth (can be toxic in high amounts)
Nitrite-toxic converted form of ammonia
Ammonia-Toxic waste product of most organism