1. MHC sequencing project
GenBank submission
A. 800 CDS accessions for alleles of non-IPD curated genes (GenBank)
B. 190 gene sequence alleles of IPD non-classical genes (GenBank)
Update to (A) to full gene sequences (GenBank) and alignments (GitHub)

2. MHC sequencing project

3. MHC sequencing project

5. MHC sequencing project
330 visits; referring sites

6. KIR Polymorphism Workshop

7. Dynamic interactions of KIR and HLA class I underlie significant pressure to evolve
Paul J. Norman
Parham Lab
Stanford

8. KIR and HLA have co-evolved to diversify their interaction
Computer modeling
Phylogenetics
Cross-species comparison
Population Genetics
HLA
KIR
Binding site
Norman et al PloS Genetics

9. Multiple binders/functions of HLA
KIR
LILR
TCR + peptide
(HLA-E)
Computer modeling
Phylogenetics
Cross-species comparison
Population Genetics
HLA-C

10. But KIR only have one job..
(e.g.) 2DL1*022 evolved in response to high C2 frequency
Hilton et al. 2015
PLoS Genetics; 11:

11. High-resolution KIR and HLA class I Genotypes
KIR Polymorphism Workshop
High-resolution KIR and HLA class I Genotypes

12. KIR Polymorphism Workshop
KhoeSan
Pygmy
Hadza
West African
Africa
Modern humans
Out of Africa

13. KIR Polymorphism Workshop
Bari et al. 2009
Blood
Hilton et al J. Immunol

14. KIR Polymorphism Workshop

15. KIR Polymorphism Workshop

16. KIR Polymorphism Workshop

17. Han HLA Class I haplotypes
All of top 10 encode at least 2 KIR ligands

18. Except East Asian and South American

19. (has novel amino acids at two positively-selected residues)
An unusual KIR allele shared by Māori, Papua New Guineans and Indigenous Australians
(has novel amino acids at two positively-selected residues)
Residue 166
Residue 20
2DL4
3DL1
2DS4
3DL2
*028
*086
*001
*002
Maori/PPNG Haplotype
*001loh
*002loh
*00104
*00501
Australian Haplotypes
Nemat-Gorgani et al Immunogenetics Loh et al. in prep

20. KIR3DL1; F166 and Q20 enhance recognition of target HLA
3DL1 _L166
3DL1_F166
3DL1_F166_Q20 (*086)
Relative
activity
Effector: Jurkat cells with KIR3DL1+CD3ζ
Target: HLA transfected
[Philippa Saunders]

21. KIR Polymorphism Workshop