1. LHC Status and Prospects
HCP 2011
Paris, November 17, 2011
Sergio Bertolucci
Cern 1

2. Excellent news from LHC commissioning:
Excellent single beam lifetime
Ramp & squeeze essentially without loss
No quenches with beam above 450 GeV
Excellent performance of Machine Protection
Optics close to model (and correctable)
Excellent reproducibility
Aperture bigger then expected
Better than nominal from injectors
Emittances, bunch intensity
Beam-beam: can collide >> nominal bunch currents
With smaller that nominal emittances
And still going…

3. Peak luminosity 2011
3.65 x 1033
2010

4. …and integrated luminosity 2011
2011 Goal

5. Pile-Up
Pile Up
20 vertices
The number of reconstructed vertices after the August Technical Stop increased by factor 1.5 (β*=1.5m 1m )
Fills start with ~15 pile-up interactions
Vertex reconstruction still quite linear with luminosity
Total inelastic cross section also has been measured from pile-up
σinel(pp)= 68.0 ± 2.0 (Syst) ± 2.4 (Lum) ± 4 (Extrap.) mb.
before
after
Averaged over fills.
Nrec~ 0.7 x Npu

6. Pile-up Experiment (trigger, detector, reconstruction, ..)
is coping well with larger
than expected at this
stage and increasing
pile-up.
Today: average over a fill
is ~12 interactions/x-ing
(was ~ 6 in Spring),
with tails up to ~20
Pile-up could increase by up
to ~2 in 2012
Z  μμ event with 20
reconstructed vertices
(ellipses have 20 σ size
for visibility reasons)

7. Isolated Muon PT > 12 GeV & Hadronic Tau ET > 20 GeV trigger
HLT Performance
Deployed menus to cope with luminosity >5E33.
Increased complexity of trigger algorithms
Over 200 multi-object triggers including tau and b-jet triggers, in addition to single object triggers for electrons, photons, muons, jets, total energy, & missing transverse energy (400 total paths)
The HLT is performing very well in the high luminosity environment.
Isolated Muon PT > 12 GeV &
Hadronic Tau ET > 20 GeV trigger
TAU + MUON

8. The GRID at the end of October
~.5 million jobs in parallel!

9. The predictable future: LHC Time-line
2009
Start of LHC
Run 1: 7 TeV centre of mass energy, luminosity ramping up to few 1033 cm-2 s-1, few fb-1 delivered
LHC shut-down to prepare machine for design energy and nominal luminosity
2013/14
Run 2: Ramp up luminosity to nominal (1034 cm-2 s-1), ~50 to 100 fb-1
2017 or 18
Injector and LHC Phase-I upgrades to go to ultimate luminosity
Run 3: Ramp up luminosity to 2.2 x nominal, reaching ~100 fb-1 / year accumulate few hundred fb-1
Phase-II: High-luminosity LHC. New focussing magnets and CRAB cavities for very high luminosity with levelling
~2021/22
Run 4: Collect data until > 3000 fb-1
2030
ILC, High energy LHC, ... ?

10. …and the corresponding experiments timeline
LHC schedule harmonized/agreed with the experiments
Consolidation/incremental upgrades in , getting more substantial in 2017/2018 (major upgrade for LHCb in 2018)
Major upgrades in
Upgrade proposals submitted/in submission to the LHCC
Working the schedule backwards, and considering realistic construction and commissioning times, all experiments are already on a very tight timeline for R&D and final choices!

11. LHC 2012- parameter choice To maximize L: Many bunches (k)
k = number of bunches = 2808
N = no. protons per bunch = 1.15×1011
f = revolution frequency = kHz
s*x,s*y = beam sizes at collision point (hor./vert.) = 16 mm
To maximize L:
Many bunches (k)
Many protons per bunch (N)
A small beam size s*u = (b *e)1/2
b * : the beam envelope (optics)
e : is the phase space volume occupied by the beam (constant along the ring).
High beam “brillance” N/e
(particles per phase space volume)
 Injector chain performance !
Small envelope
 Strong focusing !
Optics property
Beam property

12. LHC in 2012 Machine parameters: Which energy ? (3.5 TeV, 4 TeV)
Which bunch spacing ? (50ns, 25ns)
which beta* in IP1/5 ? (0.7m, 1m ?)   * crossing angle, geometric factor, operational efficiency (tight collimator settings!)
which beta* in IP8 ?   * lumi leveling, inclined crossing (how to do leveling ?!), polarity reversal
Satellites collision in IP2

13. LHC in 2012, cont. Physics conditions: Pile-up
Sat-main scheme => any issue ?
Background limitations ?
Physics goals per expt:
what will be the priorities ?
what required integrated luminosity ?
impact of energy choice, 3.5 or 4 Tev ?
luminosity calibration
…..

14. LHC in 2012, cont. First discussion on LMC on November 26
Preparing 2012
First discussion on LMC on November 26
..to be followed by an LHC meeting in Evian December 12-14
…and finalized in Chamonix in February 2012

15. 2011-2013: deciding years…. LHC and Tevatron results
Experimental data will take the floor to drive the field to the next steps:
LHC and Tevatron results
q13 (T2K, DChooz, etc..)
n masses/nature (Cuore, Gerda, Nemo…)
Dark Matter searches
Sky surveys (Fermi, Planck…..) ….
...not to talk about the speedy n!

16. HiLumiLHC and HiEnLHC High Luminosity LHC program in full swing
High Energy LHC R&D started

17. HE-LHC – LHC modifications
2030?
SPS+,
1.3 TeV, 2030?
2-GeV Booster
Linac4
July 23, 2011
S. Myers ECFA-EPS, Grenoble

18. S. Myers ECFA-EPS, Grenoble
High Energy-LHC (HE-LHC)
CERN working group since April 2010
EuCARD AccNet workshop HE-LHC’10 ,
14-16 October 2010, Proc. CERN
key topics
beam energy 16.5 TeV; 20-T magnets
cryogenics: synchrotron-radiation heat
radiation damping & emittance control
vacuum system: synchrotron radiation
new injector: energy > 1 TeV
parameters
E. Todesco
hybrid magnet
LHC
HE-LHC
beam energy [TeV] 7
16.5
dipole field [T]
8.33 20
dipole coil aperture [mm] 56 40
#bunches
2808
1404
IP beta function [m]
0.55
1 (x), 0.43 (y)
number of IPs 3 2
beam current [A]
0.584
0.328
SR power per ring [kW]
3.6
65.7
arc SR heat load dW/ds [W/m/ap]
0.21
2.8
peak luminosity [1034 cm-2s-1]
1.0
2.0
events per crossing 19 76
July 23, 2011
S. Myers ECFA-EPS, Grenoble

19. HE-LHC – main issues and R&D
high-field 20-T dipole magnets based on Nb3Sn, Nb3Al, and HTS
high-gradient quadrupole magnets for arc and IR
fast cycling SC magnets for 1-TeV injector
emittance control in regime of strong SR damping and IBS
cryogenic handling of SR heat load (first analysis;
looks manageable)
dynamic vacuum
July 23, 2011
S. Myers ECFA-EPS, Grenoble

20. In summary
We are just at the beginning of a magnificent scientific adventure…
…and the prospects are looking very good.

21. …and the corresponding experiments timeline

22. Not yet in this condition…
Murayama, ICFA Seminar, 2011 CERN

23. 2012 is poised to be a fantastic year!
Thank you!